Modifiche

[[File:Columbus-25-MarbledBrown-Capped.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Columbus 25]]]]

[[File:Columbus-25-MarbledBrown-Capped.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Columbus 25]]]]

Also in the second half of the '30s [[Columbus]] started producing models with transparent celluloid that allow to see the ink level, according to the new trend inaugurated by [[Vacumatic]]. From this this period was the birth of the [[Columbus 112]], a [[plunger filler]] model. In [[1938]] the company obtained a patent ({{Cite patent|IT|288327}}) for a screw piston, which had as a consequence the creation of the [[Columbus 10x|100]] line, equipped with a [[piston filler]] loading system.  

Also in the second half of the '30s, according to the new trend inaugurated by [[Vacumatic]], [[Columbus]] started producing models with transparent celluloid that allowed to see the ink level. In this same period there was the birth of the [[Columbus 112]], a [[plunger filler]] model. In [[1938]] the company obtained a patent for a screw [[piston filler]],<ref>Letizia Jacopini in his book report it as n° 288327, but this number is too similar to the previous one, {{Cite patent|IT|268327}}, date ten years befor, and this make that number dubious; the only one other known patent is {{Cite patent|IT|102094}}, found on [[hooded nib]] models produced after WWII and marked [[Columbus Extra 148]] and [[Columbus Extra 150]].</ref> which had as a consequence the creation of the [[Columbus 10x|100]] line, equipped with a [[piston filler]] loading system.  

During the period between the late '30s and the beginning of the '40s, the company was affected, as for all other European producers, by the effects of the war, and because of the economic difficulties and the supply shortage a drastic simplification of production was made, using only [[button filler]] and arrow clip on all models. In [[1941]] the company launched a model produced exclusively for the army, the [[Columbus 29]] that after was also distributed on the overall market.

During the period between the late '30s and the beginning of the '40s, the company was affected, as for all other European producers, by the effects of the war, and because of the economic difficulties and the supply shortage a drastic simplification of production was made, using only [[button filler]] and arrow clip on all models. In [[1941]] the company launched a model produced exclusively for the army, the [[Columbus 29]] that after was also distributed on the overall market.

In the '50s, following the market trends set by [[Parker]] with the success of the [[51]], [[Columbus]] introduced the [[Columbus 70|70]], an [[hooded nib]] model. In this case however the pen was not just an imitation: it was made in celluloid and used a [[piston filler]], it also had a screw cap, and the nib was only partially covered to allow the us of a flexible nib. Like other Italian imitations of the [[51]], such as the [[Aurora 88]] or the [[Omas 361]] the pen is probably more interesting than the original.  

In the '50s, following the market trends set by [[Parker]] with the success of the [[51]], [[Columbus]] introduced the [[Columbus 70|70]], an [[hooded nib]] model. In this case however the pen was not just an imitation: it was made in celluloid and used a [[piston filler]], it also had a screw cap, and the nib was only partially covered to allow the us of a flexible nib. Like other Italian imitations of the [[51]], such as the [[Aurora 88]] or the [[Omas 361]] the pen is probably more interesting than the original.  

The last series produced in celluloid, the [[Columbus 90]] was introduced approximately in [[1951]], and made both as [[piston filler]] or with a special [[button filler]] with the bottom back not removable, similar to the ''[[push-knob]]'' of [[Montblanc]]. The production of the '50s saw the abandonment of celluloid for the use of cheaper molded plastic, and the production of [[Columbus Anni '50|models]] with [[hooded nib]] and cheap plastic pens for the student market.

L'ultima serie prodotta in celluloide è stata la [[Columbus 90]] introdotta all'incirca nel [[1951]], e realizzata sia con [[caricamento a stantuffo]] che con un particolare [[pulsante di fondo]] a fondello non rimovibile, simile al ''[[push-knob]]'' della [[Montblanc]]. La produzione degli anni '50 vide l'abbandono della celluloide per l'uso della più economica plastica a stampo, e la produzione di [[Columbus Anni '50|modelli]] con pennino carenato e cappuccio in plastica o metallo o penne scolastiche.

In 1957 the founder died, leaving the company in the hands of his son Enrico, but at that time the fountain pen market was drastically shrinking due to the spread of the ballpoint pens. The choice was towards the production for the school and the low end of the market, but the company suffered an inexorable decline. In 1992 the company renmants and the [[Columbus]] trademark were sold to ''Santara Srl'' that is still producing some modern pens under the same brand.

In 1957 the founder died, leaving the company in the hands of his son Enrico, but at that time the fountain pen market was drastically shrinking due to the spread of the ballpoint pens. The choice was towards the production for the school and the low end of the market, but the company suffered an inexorable decline. In 1992 the company renmants and the [[Columbus]] trademark were sold to ''Santara Srl'' that is still producing some modern pens under the same brand.