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<noinclude></noinclude>Italian brand, on which there is very little historical information. It's known for the production of 18 carat gold [[overlay]]s for safeties (marked 18 KR) of excellent workmanship, with beautiful decorations cantilevered or [[filigree]]. The ''Europa'' brand is listed on both in the pen and the nib. According to the reconstruction by Paolo Enrico Demuro<ref>in [https://issuu.com/foolishmagazinebypennamania/docs/foolish_3_300dpi_online_issuu an article] in Foolish Magazine.</ref> the brand, not having been registered (in fact, it does not appear in the Central State Archive database of historical trademarks) would have been used in sharing by Luigi Diani, [[Cesare Marinai]] and the [[Fratelli Cavaliere]].  

<noinclude></noinclude>Italian brand, on which there is very little historical information. It's known for the production of 18 carat gold [[overlay]]s for safeties (marked 18 KR) of excellent workmanship, with beautiful decorations cantilevered or [[filigree]]. The ''Europa'' brand is listed on both in the pen and the nib. According to the reconstruction by Paolo Enrico Demuro<ref>in [https://issuu.com/foolishmagazinebypennamania/docs/foolish_3_300dpi_online_issuu an article] in Foolish Magazine.</ref> the brand, not having been registered (in fact, it does not appear in the Central State Archive database of historical trademarks) would have been used in sharing by Luigi Diani, [[Cesare Marinai]] and the [[Fratelli Cavaliere]].  

Non è noto con certezza una data certa di inizio della produzione, ma secondo la ricostruzione storica fatta da Giorgio Fascicolo<ref>in [https://forum.fountainpen.it/viewtopic.php?t=30726 questa dettagliatissima presentazione di una penna con questo marchio.</ref> la prima apparizione del marchio fra le stilografiche illustrate sul catalogo Marinai è in quello del [[1931]], risultando invece assente nei precedenti; per questo motivo assumeremo questo anno come quello dell'inizio della produzione.  

A precise date for the beginning of production is not known with certainty, but according to the historical reconstruction made by Giorgio Fascicolo<ref>in [https://forum.fountainpen.it/viewtopic.php?t=30726 this very detailed presentation of a pen of this brand.</ref> the first appearance of the brand among the fountain pens illustrated in the Marinai catalog is in that of [[1931]], being instead absent in the previous ones; for this reason we will assume this year as that of the beginning of production.  

It is not clear whether the brand was linked to an independent company or a third party production. The few available documentary sources originate from [[Cesare Marinai]] catalogs, where this brand appears along with other related to the [[Fratelli Cavaliere]] production, confirmed by some of them having the Linda Darnes [[:File:Stampigliatura-Linda-Darnes.svg|punch]]. The production sold by Marinai reports explicitly the ''CM'' punch. Production continued also after the war, with hooded nib pens with laminated metal coating (as in [https://forum.fountainpen.it/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=19537 this example]).

It is not clear whether the brand was linked to an independent company or a third party production. The few available documentary sources originate from [[Cesare Marinai]] catalogs, where this brand appears along with other related to the [[Fratelli Cavaliere]] production, confirmed by some of them having the Linda Darnes [[:File:Stampigliatura-Linda-Darnes.svg|punch]]. The production sold by Marinai reports explicitly the ''CM'' punch. Production continued also after the war, with hooded nib pens with laminated metal coating (as in [https://forum.fountainpen.it/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=19537 this example]).