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The [[Ancora]] date of foundation is not known with certainty and there are conflicting versions.<ref>in addition to its foundation date, another point that has long remained uncertain regarding the company's origins is the surname of its founder as well documents in which the surname ''Zannini,'' with two ''n's,'' as well as the simple Zanini have been found; various hypotheses have been put forward, but the answer was provided directly by Zanini's nephew, who [https://www.penciclopedia.it/681/errata-corrige-leta-di-giuseppe-zanini/#comment-19646 tells] how this change was obtained by the court, and made because of homonymy with a well-known gangster of the time.</ref> According to A. Lambrou, it was founded in 1909 by ''Giuseppe Zanini'', in Sesto Calende, on the shores of the Lago Maggiore, but it is not known from which source Lambrou infers such a distant date; on the company's official website, although sources are not indicated again, the origin of the company was reported to 1919 in Bologna,<ref>but the company's website was not very reliable, there was a big error in the Zanini birth date, badly transcribed in 1897 when the birth certificate posted on the website (no more present) showed the correct date of 1879, also present in the start of activities registration.</ref> which is consistent with what has been indicated by others.<ref>The main reference is, however, the Letizia Jacopini book in which various documentary evidences are reported.</ref> Finally, [[:Categoria:Ancora_Documents|some invoces]] from 1941 are showing the claim ''Casa fondata nel 1902'', but this almost certainly refers to the begininng of Zanini commercial activities, not to [[Ancora]] foundation. According to reports from the founder's grandson, in fact, Zanini together with his wife Ester Marzari ran an emporium in Schio (Vicenza) where they sold everything including stationery, and it is likely that the starting year listed in said invoice refers to this.  

The [[Ancora]] date of foundation is not known with certainty and there are conflicting versions.<ref>in addition to its foundation date, another point that has long remained uncertain regarding the company's origins is the surname of its founder as well documents in which the surname ''Zannini,'' with two ''n's,'' as well as the simple Zanini have been found; various hypotheses have been put forward, but the answer was provided directly by Zanini's nephew, who [https://www.penciclopedia.it/681/errata-corrige-leta-di-giuseppe-zanini/#comment-19646 tells] how this change was obtained by the court, and made because of homonymy with a well-known gangster of the time.</ref> According to A. Lambrou, it was founded in 1909 by ''Giuseppe Zanini'', in Sesto Calende, on the shores of the Lago Maggiore, but it is not known from which source Lambrou infers such a distant date; on the company's official website, although sources are not indicated again, the origin of the company was reported to 1919 in Bologna,<ref>but the company's website was not very reliable, there was a big error in the Zanini birth date, badly transcribed in 1897 when the birth certificate posted on the website (no more present) showed the correct date of 1879, also present in the start of activities registration.</ref> which is consistent with what has been indicated by others.<ref>The main reference is, however, the Letizia Jacopini book in which various documentary evidences are reported.</ref> Finally, [[:Categoria:Ancora_Documents|some invoces]] from 1941 are showing the claim ''Casa fondata nel 1902'', but this almost certainly refers to the begininng of Zanini commercial activities, not to [[Ancora]] foundation. According to reports from the founder's grandson, in fact, Zanini together with his wife Ester Marzari ran an emporium in Schio (Vicenza) where they sold everything including stationery, and it is likely that the starting year listed in said invoice refers to this.  

[[Ancora]] initial history is quite clouded, we know for sure that Zanini began its activities in the field of writing articles in Bologna, where apparently he was in contact with ''Armando Simoni'' (founder of [[OMAS]]) and where there are traces of his activities dating back to [[1918]].<ref>in the Letizia Jacopini book ''La storia della stilografica in Italia 1900-1950'' is published a report of start of activities for the ''Arti Grafiche - Giuseppe Zanini'' dated February 22, 1918, and in [[https://www.penciclopedia.it/681/errata-corrige-leta-di-giuseppe-zanini/#comment-19646 his intervention] Zanini's nephew indicates that Zanini moved to Bologna during World War I, meeting, and perhaps collaborating, with Armando Simoni.</ref> In [[1920]] he founded with a partner, Clerici, a company named ''Fabbrica e Commercio di Penne Stilografiche e Raffinati Oggetti per Arti Grafiche''.<ref>meaning ''Factory and commerce of fountain pens and fine objects for graphic arts''.</ref> The production of these early years was not yet clearly identified by the trademark [[Ancora]]. The official website of the actual trademark holder reports the purchase of a stationery shop in Bologna and the beginning of the production of fountain pens in 1919.  

[[Ancora]] initial history is quite clouded, we know for sure that Zanini began its activities in the field of writing articles in Bologna, where apparently he was in contact with ''Armando Simoni'' (founder of [[OMAS]]) and where there are traces of his activities dating back to [[1918]].<ref>in the Letizia Jacopini book ''La storia della stilografica in Italia 1900-1950'' is published a report of start of activities for the ''Arti Grafiche - Giuseppe Zanini'' dated February 22, 1918.</ref> In [[1920]] he founded with a partner, Clerici, a company named ''Fabbrica e Commercio di Penne Stilografiche e Raffinati Oggetti per Arti Grafiche''.<ref>meaning ''Factory and commerce of fountain pens and fine objects for graphic arts''.</ref> The production of these early years was not yet clearly identified by the trademark [[Ancora]]. The official website of the actual trademark holder reports the purchase of a stationery shop in Bologna and the beginning of the production of fountain pens in 1919.

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