Elmo Montegrappa
Montegrappa contends to Tibaldi and Aurora for the primacy of beeing first Italian fountain pens producer. Although the company is undoubtedly the oldest of three, it was founded as a manufacturer of nibs for fountain pens, whose production seems rather starting back to the early 20's. The company, along with Aurora and Omas is one of the longest living Italian producers, remained in operation until the present day. In 2001 the company was purchased by the Richemont group (the same owner of Montblanc) to be re-acquired at the end of 2009 by the Aquila family.
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History
The Montegrappa history is rather complex, the company was founded in 1912 in Bassano del Grappa with the name "Manifattura Pennini Oro per Stilografiche - The Elmo Pen"[1] by Edwige Hoffman and Heinrich Helm. It would therefore be more correct to refer to it with the Elmo name, used also for some models, since the use of the Montegrappa brand, with which it is now universally known, is much more late. Moreover, as the name testifies, the company initially produce only pens nibs, so it is at least arguable the claim to qualify itself as the first Italian manufacturer of fountain pens[2] since the production of the latter will not start until the beginning of the '20s.
The initial production of Montegrappa has been dated to the beginning of the '20s, they were hard rubber pens produced with both eyedropper of safety filling system. In this period were produced two different lines, the Elmo, a safety pen with a design very similar to the German production of the same time (with rounded cap and barrel end) and The Elmo Pen who instead imitated the style of american pens like Waterman 42, with flat cap and barrel end.
Nel 1922 venne acquistato dall'azienda lo stabile di Via Ca' Erizzo a Bassano Veneto, in seguito ampliato e ristrutturato, che ancora oggi è la sede dell'azienda. Nel 1925 l'azienda venne acquistata da Alessandro Marzotto e Domenico Manea, e l'anno seguente venne ribattezzata in "Industria Pennini Oro e Penne Stilografiche Elmo", con le cui iniziali, I.P.O.P.S.E., verranno marchiati i pennini fino alla prima metà degli anni '30. Nonostante la nuova proprietà Heinrich Helm continuò a dirigere la produzione, fornendo un contributo fondamentale al successo dell'azienda.
Between the late '20s and early '30s were introduced the first celluloid models, the first ones were equipped with a button filler but later also a lever filler was used. Initially these were matched to the in hard rubber models and then they replaced them. Moreover the production was also differentiated, using the Elmo brand to mark the low end economic pens, while the Montegrappa brand was used for the top level pens.
In 1935 an interesting line of faceted pens was created, characterized by a great variety of celluloid colors. The style of these pens was the same as the other main Italian producers and resembled the Doric. In this series was also produced an original version made with wawed faces, one of the most interesting products from the company. In this same period began a further differentiation, at the Montegrappa brand was added the Montegrappa Extra brand, reserved for the most valuable pens, while in the low end to the Elmo was added the Ducale.
Gli anni '30 furono comunque un periodo di grande attività dell'azienda, che oltre a creare modelli propri, diventò una delle principali aziende ad eseguire produzioni per conto terzi, costruendo penne per una vasta varietà di marchi, più o meno noti. Fra questi Letizia Iacopini, nel libro La storia della stilografica in Italia, riporta: a.b.c., Aquila, Astoria, Atlantica, Caesar, Contessa, Dacis AVR, Domino, Duchessa, Montenero, Pilus, Titanus, Vulcan-Saturnia, Zenith. A parte Domino, per il quale esiste la registrazione di un marchio depositato dall'azienda stessa nel 1925 (Reg. Gen. N. 32169) la attribuzione degli altri è alquanto incerta, ed in particolare Atlantica, Caesar e Zenith sono marchi chiaramente riconducibili ad altre aziende, anche se non può essere esclusa una produzione su commissione.
In the late 30's, following the trend of the pens capable to show their ink level, Montegrappa started to use the piston filler and produced a new line of celluloid pens with a transparent section. Also in this period, the effects of the World War II began to be felt, and autarkic models, equipped with metal trim and chrome steel nibs, began to appear.
After the war, production resumed with a stylistic renewal of the entire production range, moving, as was the case for virtually all the Italian manufacturers, to tapered lines with a classic torpedo shape. The new pens were identified by a three digits numerical code, which meaning has not been fully clarified, excepted for the fact that the number of decimal indicated the filling system, and the unit the pen dimension (although without a ascending order). The hundreds digit usually stands for the model, but the same number was used for many different model, so its meaning is not clear.
In the postwar period were produced the 200, 300 e 400 series. In 1946 a fire partially destroyed the buildings, with some negative effects: the celluloid pens production was limited, and the Montegrappa focused in the production of metal overlays and in the use of injection plastic for pens. In 1947 the company was refounded as "Elmo - Montegrappa s.n.c." and in 1951 became the "Fabbrica Penne Stilografiche Elmo Montegrappa s.r.l.".
The production of the '50s saw the gradual replacement of celluloid with injection plastic models, celluloid remained used only for the economic production of pens in pearl or ivory colors, then widely used as a typical gift for the First Communion. During this period was also made the move to cartridge filler.
We are not aware of precise historical data for the period from the '60s to today; the company remained on the market, and in the 90s was noted as one of the best producers of silver or gold pens. In 2001 the company was purchased by the Richemont group (the same owner of Montblanc).
Chronology
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1912 | the company is founded by Edwige Hoffman, Heinrich Helm in Bassano del Grappa as Manifattura Pennini Oro per Stilografiche - The Elmo Pen |
| 1921 | the company starts fountain pen production (guess date[3]) |
| 1925 | the company started the production of Montegrappa branded models |
| 1925 | the company is bought by Alessandro Marzotto and Domenico Manea |
| 1926 | the company is renamed as Manifattura Pennini Oro e Penne Stilografiche Elmo |
| 1930 | the company introduces its first celluloid models (guess date) |
| 1935 | the company introduces the Montegrappa Extra brand (guess date[4]) |
| 1935 | the company introduces faceted models |
| 1939 | the company introduces the cap engraving of the MG initials within a circle (guess date, stands for the end of '30s) |
| 1939 | the company introduces the piston filler (guess date, stands for the end of '30s) |
| 1946 | the company introduces the Montegrappa 2xx (guess date, refers to postwar beginning) |
| 1946 | the company introduces the Montegrappa 3xx (guess date, refers to postwar beginning) |
| 1947 | the company was re-established as "Elmo - Montegrappa s.n.c." |
| 1951 | the company was re-established as "Fabbrica Penne Stilografiche Elmo Montegrappa s.r.l." |
External references
- [1] Company web site, just marketing, no significant historic infos.
- [2] Interesting article by G. Fichera (in italian)
Notes
- ↑ date and name comes form Giuseppe Fichera research published on the book Montegrappa of 1999.
- ↑ this title belongs instead to Uhlmann's Eterno, founded before and for which is known a production starting at least from 1913.
- ↑ as for most of the italian manufacturers many dates are just guessed, referring more to a period than to a specific year, like the first or second half of a decade, or its mid the beginning or end; for more detail just look at chronology on the Montegrappa page.
- ↑ referring to the introduction of faceted models, probably the first to use this name.