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However, the Schaefer family managed the company mainly because Kohler left the business shortly afterwards. In Milan was founded the subsidiary with the Italian factory, the start of production is not known precisely, but according to an excerpt from a document of November 26, 1923, published in the book ''"The registered trademarks of the Italian Fountain Pens"'' there is an Italian branch with a representative Giuseppe Kügler, initially established in via Victor Hugo 2, then transferred to Corso Vittorio Emanuele 23, and then in via Conservatorio 6 in Milan (as shown by [[:File:1929-09-Kosca-Invoice.jpg|this invoice]] from 1929 and from an excerpt of 30 March 1926 published in the book ''"I marchi registrati delle Founlografiche Italiane"'' in which it's mentioned explicitly as a factory). The first trademark registration on their behalf was in 1929 ({{Marchio|40298}}), with a logo of the ''K&S'' initials; no trace instead of the number cited on the invoice (C.C.I. Milano 937773). In the same time the comapany registered also [[Spezial]] ({{Marchio|40301}}) and [[Spezial Super]] ({{Marchio|40299}}) trademarks. Much later, requested in 1938, is the [[Record]] ({{Marchio|59025}}) trademark, that was also renewed after the war.

However, the Schaefer family managed the company mainly because Kohler left the business shortly afterwards. In Milan was founded the subsidiary with the Italian factory, the start of production is not known precisely, but according to an excerpt from a document of November 26, 1923, published in the book ''"The registered trademarks of the Italian Fountain Pens"'' there is an Italian branch with a representative Giuseppe Kügler, initially established in via Victor Hugo 2, then transferred to Corso Vittorio Emanuele 23, and then in via Conservatorio 6 in Milan (as shown by [[:File:1929-09-Kosca-Invoice.jpg|this invoice]] from 1929 and from an excerpt of 30 March 1926 published in the book ''"I marchi registrati delle Founlografiche Italiane"'' in which it's mentioned explicitly as a factory). The first trademark registration on their behalf was in 1929 ({{Marchio|40298}}), with a logo of the ''K&S'' initials; no trace instead of the number cited on the invoice (C.C.I. Milano 937773). In the same time the comapany registered also [[Spezial]] ({{Marchio|40301}}) and [[Spezial Super]] ({{Marchio|40299}}) trademarks. Much later, requested in 1938, is the [[Record]] ({{Marchio|59025}}) trademark, that was also renewed after the war.

The Italian branch was managed by one of the four daughters of ''Christian Schaefer'' (''Margarete Schaefer'') who successfully extended and expanded the production to include fountain pens and mechanical pencils, as well as gold and silver objects such as frames, ashtrays, special cutlery, and then jewellery such as cufflinks, earrings and pendants, some on its own brand and others for great jewelers. Another son of ''Christian Schaefer'', ''Walter Schaefer'', ran a branch (only commercial) in Argentina during the period in which he lived in that country (approximately from 1935 to 1950).

The Italian branch was managed by one of the four daughters of ''Christian Schaefer'' (''Margarete Schaefer'', called ''Gretel'') who successfully extended and expanded the production to include fountain pens and mechanical pencils, as well as gold and silver objects such as frames, ashtrays, special cutlery, and then jewellery such as cufflinks, earrings and pendants, some on its own brand and others for great jewelers. Another son of ''Christian Schaefer'', ''Walter Schaefer'', ran a branch (only commercial) in Argentina during the period in which he lived in that country (approximately from 1935 to 1950).

As for the [[Uhlmann's Eterno]] initial production was mainly of hard rubber pens [[overlay]]s, which are considered among the best ever. It is believed that the company have produced them also on behalf of other companies like [[Columbus]], [[Omega]] and [[Ercolessi]],<ref>the production for [[Ercolessi]] was also confirmed in direct correspondence with the great-grandson of the founder.</ref> and also for the Italian branch of the [[Waterman]] and for [[Parker]]. At least these last two relationships are well established, existing many [[:File:Waterman-42-Overlay-Kosca-GreekEnamelBand-Back.jpg|examples]] of [[Waterman]] safeties and [[Parker]] pens explicitly marked by ''Kosca''.

As for the [[Uhlmann's Eterno]] initial production was mainly of hard rubber pens [[overlay]]s, which are considered among the best ever. It is believed that the company have produced them also on behalf of other companies like [[Columbus]], [[Omega]] and [[Ercolessi]],<ref>the production for [[Ercolessi]] was also confirmed in direct correspondence with the great-grandson of the founder.</ref> and also for the Italian branch of the [[Waterman]] and for [[Parker]]. At least these last two relationships are well established, existing many [[:File:Waterman-42-Overlay-Kosca-GreekEnamelBand-Back.jpg|examples]] of [[Waterman]] safeties and [[Parker]] pens explicitly marked by ''Kosca''.