Differenze tra le versioni di "Bayard/en"

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(110 versioni intermedie di 2 utenti non mostrate)
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[[Image:Bayard-Logo.svg|center|320px|Bayard logo from '30s]]
 
[[Image:Bayard-Logo.svg|center|320px|Bayard logo from '30s]]
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Bayard}}
  
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La [[Bayard]] è una delle principali marche storiche francesi, l'azienda venne fondata nel 1922 ed ha proseguito nell'attività fino agli anni '60 quando, come la gran parte delle dei produttori storici di stilografiche, è rimasta stritolata dalla rivoluzione della penna a sfera.
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[[Bayard]] is a major historic French fountain pen brand; the company was founded in 1922 and has continued operations until the '60s when, as most historical producers, was taken down by the revolution of the ballpoint pen.
  
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Le penne [[Bayard]] sono caratterizzate da una buona qualità generale, senz'altro al pari di quella dei produttori americani, anche se l'azienda non si è mai segnalata per particolari contributi innovativi, la validità dei suoi prodotti ne ha garantito il successo e viene tutt'ora apprezzata dai collezionisti.{{Infobox_Marca|Bayard}}{{BrandData|Founder=Etienne Forbin|Place=Parigi|Country=FR}}
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[[Bayard]] fountain pens were characterized by good overall quality, certainly in par with the one of the American producers, even though the company was never reported for specific innovative technical contributions, the validity of its products has ensured the success and is still valued by collectors.{{Infobox_Brand|Bayard}}
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== Storia ==
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== History ==
  
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[[Immagine:1923-Bayard.jpg|thumb|Pubblicità del 1923]]
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[[Image:1923-Bayard.jpg|thumb|A 1923 [[Bayard]] ADs]]
  
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La [[Bayard]] assunse in maniera ufficiale questo nome solo nel 1934, quando la ''Panici Frères & Co'' venne ribattezzata in ''Stylo Bayard''. L'azienda aveva le sue origini alla fine dell'800, dalle attività di un libraio parigino, Etienne Forbin, che nel 1903 aveva assunto la rappresentanza di vari produttori americani di strumenti di scrittura, questi nel 1912 registrò il marchio [[Bayard]]. Nel 1922 i nipoti ripresero l'attività del nonno fondando la ''Société Panici Frères'' ed iniziarono la produzione di penne stilografiche, ma da subito pensarono di sfruttare per la commercializzazione il nome del cavaliere [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Terrail_de_Bayard Pierre Terrail de Bayard], eroe delle guerre d'Italia del medioevo, immagine del cavaliere senza macchia e senza paura.
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The company officially took the name [[Bayard]] only in [[1932]], when the ''Panic Frères & Co.'' was renamed in ''Stylo Bayard''. The company had its origins in the late years of 1800, starting from the activities of a Parisian bookseller, ''Etienne Forbin'', who in [[1903]] took the reselling rights of various American writing instruments producers. In [[1912]] he registered the trademark [[Bayard]]. In [[1922]] the Forbin grandchildrens resumed the work of their grandfather founding the ''Société Panic Frères'' and started a fountain pens production. But for marketing reasons, they used as trademark the name of the medieval knight [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Terrail_de_Bayard Pierre Terrail de Bayard], that was an hero of the wars in the medieval Italy, considered as the image of the knight without fear and without blemish.
  
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I modelli iniziali erano le classiche penne cilindriche in ebanite nera cesellata o marmorizzata rossa e nera, con [[caricamento a contagocce]] e [[safety]]; vennero inoltre prodotti modelli di lusso con rivestimento in oro o argento. Le penne vennero pubblicizzate ricorrendo alla figura di un cavaliere che aveva come scudo un pennino e come lancia una penna, la pubblicità sosteneva che le penne [[Bayard]] non temevano la concorrenza o rimproveri sulla qualità. I pennini di questi primi modelli venivano marcati con la sigla ''PF'' (da ''Panici Frères'') tranne quelli dei modelli di punta che erano marcati con la scritta ''Bayard'', che invece veniva normalmente riportata sui fusti delle penne.
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The initial models were the classic pens in [[BCHR|chased]] or [[mottled]] hard rubber, made in cylindrical shapes with the classical [[eyedropper filler|eyedropper]] or [[safety]] filling system. There were also luxury models with gold or silver [[overlay]]s. The pens were advertised using the figure of a knight who had a nib as a shield and a pen as a spear; the advertising claimed that the [[Bayard]] pens did not feared competition or remarks on their quality. The nibs of these first models were marked with the symbol PF (standing for ''Panici Frères'') except for the top models that had the nib marked with the word ''"Bayard"'', which otherwise was normally reported on the pen body.
  
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Nel 1927 vennero introdotti i primi modelli con [[caricamento a levetta]], suddivisi nel 1930 in due serie, la ''Normal'' e la ''De Luxe''. Alla fine degli anni '20 l'azienda iniziò anche a produrre i primi modelli in celluloide, e lanciò la serie '''446''', in verde giada, rubino e lapislazzuli, dotata di uno speciale fondello rimovibile che poteva essere sostituito per usare la penna su un portapenne da tavolo.
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In [[1927]] were first introduced [[lever filler]] models, that in [[1930]] were divided into two series, the ''Normal'' and the ''De Luxe''. In the late '20s the company began to produce their firsts celluloid models, and launched the [[Bayard 446|446]] series, in jade, ruby and lapislazuli, with a special removable back that could be replaced to use the pen on a pen-holders table.
  
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Nel 1932 la produzione venne riorganizzata, e venne lanciato un modello economico, la [[Special 8]], con [[caricamento a levetta]], in celluloide nera o marmorizzata e pennino in lega metallica. Venne poi introdotto il modello [[Superluxe]], sempre a levetta, ma con pennino in oro e prodotto in celluloide, nei colori nero, oro marmorizzato iridescente e verde marmorizzato iridescente. Le nuove penne erano dotate di forme leggermente affusolate, con gli estremi del cappuccio e del corpo di forma conica; vennero prodotte sia in modelli da uomo che da donna.
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In [[1932]] production was reorganized, the company changed location and name<ref>the change can be seen from the difference between [[:File:1931-11-Bayard-Superluxe.jpg|this advertisement]] of November 1931 compared to [[:File:1932-10-Bayard-Special-8.jpg|this one]] of October 1932.</ref> from ''"MM. Panici Frères"'' in rue de Petits-Ecuries 12 to ''"Stylo Bayard"'' in rue des Cordelières 31. At the end of 1931 the [[Superluxe]] top model had been introduced, a [[lever filler]] with gold nib, produced in coloured material (not flammable, therefore probably galalith), in the colours black, iridescent marbled gold and iridescent marbled green.  The new pens had [[streamlined]] forms, with the ends of cap and body of conical shape, and were produced both men and woman models.  
  
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L'anno seguente venne effettuata un'altra riorganizzazione dei modelli, venne introdotta la economica [[Special 8]] con pennino metallico e fornita con un cappuccio dotato di due verette e corpo nero o marmorizzato, così come per i modelli [[Luxe]] e [[Superluxe]] che si affiancarono ad essa, dotati però di pennino in oro. Venne infine introdotta la ''[[Superluxe|Superluxe Grosse Containance]]'', un modello di maggiori dimensione e capacità di inchiostro, dotata di una vera decorata sul cappuccio. I modelli [[Special 8]] e [[Luxe]] vennero forniti di una clip a forma di cravatta inserita lateralmente nel cappuccio, mentre la [[Superluxe]] e la ''[[Superluxe|Superluxe Grosse Containance]]'' avevano una clip affusolata a forma di punta di lancia, agganciata tramite un [[washer clip|anello]] sulla testa, nell'anno successivo sul fermaglio venne incisa la scritta ''Bayard''.
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In 1932 a cheap model was launched, the [[Special 8]]; it was a [[lever filler]] (but also a [[safety]] was available), in black or marbled [[hard rubber]] with an metal alloy nib (but it appears also with gold nib), still in [[flat-top]] style but with an octagonal cap head. Then was introduced also the series [[Bayard Luxe|Luxe]], a mid-range pen compared to the [[Superluxe]], also a [[lever filler]], with gold nib, and produced in different colours and slightly tapered shapes, with truncated cone ends for cap and body in the style of the [[Superluxe]], but with simpler finishing.
  
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Nel 1935 le verette della [[Superluxe]] vennero sostituite da una banda decorata, ed il fermaglio sia di questa penna che della ''[[Superluxe|Grosse Capacité]]'' (nuovo nome della ''[[Superluxe|Grosse Containance]]'') vennero realizzati a forma di cravatta, ma senza la scritta ''Bayard''. Nel 1937 venne introdotta una versione di dimensioni intermedie fra la [[Luxe]] e la [[Superluxe]], denominata [[Special Luxe]], realizzata in celluloide dai colori marmorizzati, e dotata della solita banda decorata sul cappuccio, che venne modificata nel motivo l'anno successivo. Nel 1938,<ref>la data è incerta, [http://bayard.penandco.com/accueil_us.html in questa pagina] viene riportato il 1939, ma il nome è presnte su varie pubblicità del dicembre 1938, per cui si assumerà la fine di questo anno.</ref> seguendo la tendenza introdotta dalla [[Vacumatic]] venne introdotto un nuovo modello dotato di fusto trasparente per la visione del livello di inchiostro, denominato [[Niveauclair]].
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The next year another models reorganization was made, the [[Special 8]] and [[Bayard Luxe|Luxe]] were provided with a sword-shaped clip inserted laterally in the cap; as a consequence of this on the economy line [[Special 8]] the octagonal cap head was removed, and it became an ordinary [[flat-top]]. Finally the '''[[Superluxe|Superluxe Grosse Containance]]'' was introduced, a model of larger size and ink capacity, decorated with a [[Patrician]] style band on the cap instead of the two rings.  
  
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[[Immagine:Bayard-Excelsior-Instro-Back.jpg|thumb|Istruzioni del modello [[Excelsior]] ]]
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Around [[1935]]<ref>the date is reported in [https://web.archive.org/web/20131217133442/http://bayard.penandco.com/accueil_us.html here] but the oldest available advertisement showing these variations is [[:File:1936-12-Bayard-Models.jpg|this one]] of 1936.</ref>
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also the pair of rings of the ordinary [[Superluxe]] were replaced by a new band decorated with a different pattern, adopted by the whole series; at the same time the clip was also modified assuming a tie/spear shape and losing the ''Bayard'' imprint. In [[1937]] the [[Bayard Luxe|Luxe]] series was replaced by the [[Special Luxe]], made of marbled celluloid in marbled colours, and also equipped with a decorated band on the cap. At the end of [[1938]],<ref>date is uncertain, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601100021/http://paperandco.com/blog/2011/10/stylo-plume-bayard-sans-peur-et-sans-reproche this page] reports 1939, but the name is citen in some December 1938 advertising, so we assume this year.</ref> following the trend introduced by the [[Vacumatic]], [[Bayard]] introduced a new model equipped with transparent barrel to stem the ink level vision, called [[Niveauclair]].
  
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In quello stesso periodo vennero usati anche altri due sottomarchi dell'azienda per rivolgersi a diversi segmenti di mercato: il marchio ''Excelsior'' che denotava la produzione di penne di seconda fascia di qualità media e il marchio ''Alpin'' usato per le penne più economiche destinate alla fascia bassa del mercato: studenti e scolari.  
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[[File:194x-Bayard-Excelsior-Instro-Back.jpg|thumb|Instruction for the [[Excelsior de Bayard|Excelsior]] model]]
  
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Nel 1940 venne eseguita una ristilizzazione della linea [[Luxe]] passando a forme più affusolate del cappuccio (ma mantenendo le estremità coniche), ed introducendo il nuovo modello [[Superstyl]], sempre con [[caricamento a levetta]] ed in versione da uomo e da donna. La [[Superstyl]] era dotata di tre verette sul cappuccio ed una clip a forma di punta di lancia con un motivo di due "V" sovrapposte, realizzata in celluloide di vari colori e con pennino in oro. L'anno successivo venne introdotta la [[Super Luxe]], un modello più economico di dimensioni minori, che riprendeva le linee della [[Special 8]], e destinato ai giovani.  
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In that same period<ref>the two trademarks and the new model appear in [[:File:1939-08-Bayard-Pricelist-Int.jpg|this price list]] of August 1939 </ref> the [[Le 4 de Bayard]], a new economic line cheaper than the [[Special 8]], was introduced and also two other flagship sub-brands were used directed towards two different market segments: the ''[[Excelsior]]'' brand for the second tier of medium quality pen production, and the ''[[Alpin]]'' brand used for cheaper pens produced for the lower end of the market, mainly students and schoolchildren.  
  
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[[Immagine:1944-Bayard.jpg|left|thumb|Pubblicità del 1944]]
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In [[1940]] there was a restyling of the [[Superluxe]] line going towards a more streamlined cap but maintaining the conical ends of the pen and the new [[Superstyl]]  was introduced, still a [[lever filler]], in two versions, for men and women. The [[Superstyl]] had three rings on the cap and a spear-shaped clip with a double "V" pattern; it was made of celluloid produced in many colors, and equipped with a gold nib.
  
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Il periodo della seconda guerra mondiale fu critico, come per tutti i produttori europei; l'uso dell'oro fu vietato in molti paesi, e la celluloide iniziava a scarseggiare. L'azienda cercò comunque di mantenere alta la qualità, pur dovendo ricorrere a pennini in acciaio. Intorno al 1943 venne introdotto il modello [[Excelsior]]; questo era molto simile alla [[Superstyl]], ma con un pennino d'acciaio e marchiato ''Excelsior''. La caratteristica innovativa della penna era che l'intero blocco pennino era intercambiabile; essendo i pennini in acciaio soggetti ad una maggiore usura, essa veniva allora fornita con un blocco pennino di ricambio. Il modello ebbe successo, e nonostante che dopo la guerra le restrizioni fossero scomparse, restò in produzione fino al 1948.
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[[Image:1944-Bayard.jpg|thumb|left|A 1944 [[Bayard]] ADs]]
  
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Nel 1947 vennero ristilizzati, seguendo le nuove tendenze d'oltreoceano, una serie di modelli di successo come la [[Special 8]] e la [[Special Luxe]] e la [[Bayard 4|4]]. Nel 1949 venne introdotto anche un modello [[Superstyl]] ristilizzato, con una linea ancora più affusolata e senza la doppia "V" sul fermaglio, nello stesso anno l'azienda lanciò altri modelli: la [[Special Luxe]], la [[Capostil]] con pennino coperto, ed una versione economica della [[Special 8]], tutti con [[caricamento a levetta]].
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The Second World War period was critical, as the use of gold was forbidden in many European country, and the [[celluloid]] supply began to run low. The company still tried to maintain high quality, while using steel nibs. Around [[1943]] was introduced the [[Excelsior]] model; it was very similar to the [[Superstyl]], but with a steel nib branded with the ''Excelsior'' name. The innovative feature of this pen was that the whole nib block was interchangeable, since the steel nibs were subject to greater wear, and the pen was sold with a spare The model was successful, and despite the restrictions had disappeared after the war, it remained in production until [[1948]].
  
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All'inizio degli anni '50 le linee stilistiche si uniformarono e le varie serie assunsero una forma più affine; si passò a modelli completamente affusolati perdendo le estremità coniche. Nel 1950 venne lanciato il modello di lusso [[Super Bayard]], nello stesso periodo nacquero altri modelli come la [[Bayard 2000]]. Vennero anche prodotti alcuni modelli con [[caricamento a pompetta]] come l'''Excelsior 507'' o con [[caricamento a fisarmonica]] (il brevetto della [[Stylomine]] era ormai scaduto) come il modello [[Fit]].  
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Around [[1946]] the different model lines, the [[Le 4 de Bayard|Le 4]], the [[Special 8]], the [[Special Luxe]] and the [[Superstyl]] underwent a restyling following the overseas trends, the latter two with completely ogival lines and new shapes for the clip. In [[1949]] a further variant of the [[Superstyl]] model was also introduced, with a metal cap. In the same year the company launched some other models: the [[Super Bayard]] as a new top model, the [[Capostyl]] with ''[[hooded nib]]''. All of them were [[button filler]].
  
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Nel prosieguo degli anni '50 l'azienda subì un continuo calo di vendite dovuto all'introduzione della penna a sfera; cercò il rilancio nel 1956 con il modello [[Souverain de Luxe]], di forma affusolata, con pennino coperto e [[caricamento a fisarmonica]], prodotto anche con cappuccio metallico. Ormai però il mercato degli strumenti da scrittura era dominato dalle penne a sfera; vennero introdotti modelli minori, come la [[Bayard 20]], la [[Bayard 30]] e la [[Karting]] a cartuccia, ma il declino proseguì inesorabile, fino alla definitiva chiusura a metà degli anni '70.
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In the early 50's the stylistic lines were uniformed and the various series took a similar form. All models moved to a fully streamlined shape losing the tapered conical ends. In this same period other models were launched as the [[Bayard 2000]] and a new version of the [[Niveauclair]], with this one other [[pump filler]] models  were produced like the ''Excelsior 507'', and also some [[accordion filler]] model (the [[Stylomine]] patent was expired) like the [[Fit]].  
  
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{{CronoMarche}}
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During the '50s the company the company suffered a continuous decline in sales caused by the growing market share of the ballpoint pen. It sought the relaunch in in [[1956]] with the [[Souverain]] model, a streamlined [[hooded nib]] pen with [[accordion filler]], produced also later with a metal cap as [[Souverain de Luxe]]. But at the time the writing instruments market was dominated by ballpoint pens; smaller models were introduced, such as the [[Dauphin]], the [[Bayard 20]], the [[Bayard 30]] and the [[Karting]], a [[cartridge filler]] pen, but the decline continued inexorably until the final closure November 5, 1973.<ref>according to  [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601100021/http://paperandco.com/blog/2011/10/stylo-plume-bayard-sans-peur-et-sans-reproche this page].</ref>
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| 1912 || registrato il marchio ''Bayard''
 
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| 1922 || nasce la ''Panici Freres & Co''
 
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| 1927 || introdotti i modelli con [[caricamento a levetta]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1929 ? || introdotta la [[celluloide]] e la serie '''446'''
 
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| 1932 || introdotte le serie [[Special 8]] e [[Superluxe]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1933 || alle [[Special 8]] e [[Superluxe]] si aggiungono la [[Luxe]] e la [[Superluxe|Superluxe Grosse Containance]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1934 || la ''Panici Freres & Co'' cambia nome in [[Bayard|Stylo Bayard]]
 
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| 1934 || sulla clip viene inciso il nome ''[[Bayard]]''
 
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| 1935 || sulla [[Superluxe]] viene adottata una veretta decorata
 
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| 1937 || la serie [[Luxe]] viene ribattezzata [[Special Luxe]]
 
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| 1938 || restiling della [[Special Luxe]] con una nuova veretta
 
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| 1939 || introdotto il modello [[Niveauclair]] a serbatoio trasparente
 
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| 1940 || introdotto il modello [[Superstyl]]
 
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| 1941 || introdotto il modello [[Super Luxe]]
 
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| 1943 || introdotto un modello [[Excelsior]] con gruppo pennino intercambiabile
 
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| 1947 || reintrodotte nuove versioni dei modelli [[Special 8]], [[Special Luxe]] e la [[Bayard 4|4]]
 
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| 1948 || dismesso il modello [[Excelsior]]
 
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| 1949 || ristilizzata la [[Superstyl]], introdotta la [[Capostil]] e la [[Special 8]] economica
 
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| 1950 || introdotto il modello di lusso [[Super Bayard]]
 
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| 1956 || introdotta la serie [[Souverain de Luxe]]
 
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| 1958 || la [[Souverain de Luxe]] adotta il [[caricamento a fisarmonica]]
 
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| 1973 || la [[Bayard]] cessa la produzione
 
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{{TabEnd}}
 
  
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{{LegendaModelli}}
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{{ModelList|Bayard}}
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|-
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{{BrandChrono|Bayard}}
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| [[Special]] || 1932 ||
 
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{{TabEnd}}
 
  
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==Note==
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== External references ==
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* [http://bayard-sans-reproche.com] Page of the brand owners, with many historical information.
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* [http://web.archive.org/web/20071012005121/www.stylos-francais.fr/bayard.php] Brand page on a decommissioned website on French fountain pens.
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601100021/http://paperandco.com/blog/2011/10/stylo-plume-bayard-sans-peur-et-sans-reproche] Brand page on a decommissioned website.
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* [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/topic/273730-some-bayard-pens/] Discussion on FPN with some historical notes and where various models are shown.
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==Notes==  
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
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==Riferimenti esterni==
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{{CategorizeBrand|Francia}}
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* http://web.archive.org/web/20071012005121/www.stylos-francais.fr/bayard.php
 
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* http://bayard.penandco.com/accueil_us.html
 

Versione attuale delle 19:32, 8 ago 2023

Bayard logo from '30s


Bayard is a major historic French fountain pen brand; the company was founded in 1922 and has continued operations until the '60s when, as most historical producers, was taken down by the revolution of the ballpoint pen.

Bayard fountain pens were characterized by good overall quality, certainly in par with the one of the American producers, even though the company was never reported for specific innovative technical contributions, the validity of its products has ensured the success and is still valued by collectors.

Bayard
Brand pages
Brand advertising
Brand photos
Instructions sheet
Other documents
Patents

History

A 1923 Bayard ADs

The company officially took the name Bayard only in 1932, when the Panic Frères & Co. was renamed in Stylo Bayard. The company had its origins in the late years of 1800, starting from the activities of a Parisian bookseller, Etienne Forbin, who in 1903 took the reselling rights of various American writing instruments producers. In 1912 he registered the trademark Bayard. In 1922 the Forbin grandchildrens resumed the work of their grandfather founding the Société Panic Frères and started a fountain pens production. But for marketing reasons, they used as trademark the name of the medieval knight Pierre Terrail de Bayard, that was an hero of the wars in the medieval Italy, considered as the image of the knight without fear and without blemish.

The initial models were the classic pens in chased or mottled hard rubber, made in cylindrical shapes with the classical eyedropper or safety filling system. There were also luxury models with gold or silver overlays. The pens were advertised using the figure of a knight who had a nib as a shield and a pen as a spear; the advertising claimed that the Bayard pens did not feared competition or remarks on their quality. The nibs of these first models were marked with the symbol PF (standing for Panici Frères) except for the top models that had the nib marked with the word "Bayard", which otherwise was normally reported on the pen body.

In 1927 were first introduced lever filler models, that in 1930 were divided into two series, the Normal and the De Luxe. In the late '20s the company began to produce their firsts celluloid models, and launched the 446 series, in jade, ruby and lapislazuli, with a special removable back that could be replaced to use the pen on a pen-holders table.

In 1932 production was reorganized, the company changed location and name[1] from "MM. Panici Frères" in rue de Petits-Ecuries 12 to "Stylo Bayard" in rue des Cordelières 31. At the end of 1931 the Superluxe top model had been introduced, a lever filler with gold nib, produced in coloured material (not flammable, therefore probably galalith), in the colours black, iridescent marbled gold and iridescent marbled green. The new pens had streamlined forms, with the ends of cap and body of conical shape, and were produced both men and woman models.

In 1932 a cheap model was launched, the Special 8; it was a lever filler (but also a safety was available), in black or marbled hard rubber with an metal alloy nib (but it appears also with gold nib), still in flat-top style but with an octagonal cap head. Then was introduced also the series Luxe, a mid-range pen compared to the Superluxe, also a lever filler, with gold nib, and produced in different colours and slightly tapered shapes, with truncated cone ends for cap and body in the style of the Superluxe, but with simpler finishing.

The next year another models reorganization was made, the Special 8 and Luxe were provided with a sword-shaped clip inserted laterally in the cap; as a consequence of this on the economy line Special 8 the octagonal cap head was removed, and it became an ordinary flat-top. Finally the 'Superluxe Grosse Containance was introduced, a model of larger size and ink capacity, decorated with a Patrician style band on the cap instead of the two rings.

Around 1935[2] also the pair of rings of the ordinary Superluxe were replaced by a new band decorated with a different pattern, adopted by the whole series; at the same time the clip was also modified assuming a tie/spear shape and losing the Bayard imprint. In 1937 the Luxe series was replaced by the Special Luxe, made of marbled celluloid in marbled colours, and also equipped with a decorated band on the cap. At the end of 1938,[3] following the trend introduced by the Vacumatic, Bayard introduced a new model equipped with transparent barrel to stem the ink level vision, called Niveauclair.

Instruction for the Excelsior model

In that same period[4] the Le 4 de Bayard, a new economic line cheaper than the Special 8, was introduced and also two other flagship sub-brands were used directed towards two different market segments: the Excelsior brand for the second tier of medium quality pen production, and the Alpin brand used for cheaper pens produced for the lower end of the market, mainly students and schoolchildren.

In 1940 there was a restyling of the Superluxe line going towards a more streamlined cap but maintaining the conical ends of the pen and the new Superstyl was introduced, still a lever filler, in two versions, for men and women. The Superstyl had three rings on the cap and a spear-shaped clip with a double "V" pattern; it was made of celluloid produced in many colors, and equipped with a gold nib.

A 1944 Bayard ADs

The Second World War period was critical, as the use of gold was forbidden in many European country, and the celluloid supply began to run low. The company still tried to maintain high quality, while using steel nibs. Around 1943 was introduced the Excelsior model; it was very similar to the Superstyl, but with a steel nib branded with the Excelsior name. The innovative feature of this pen was that the whole nib block was interchangeable, since the steel nibs were subject to greater wear, and the pen was sold with a spare The model was successful, and despite the restrictions had disappeared after the war, it remained in production until 1948.

Around 1946 the different model lines, the Le 4, the Special 8, the Special Luxe and the Superstyl underwent a restyling following the overseas trends, the latter two with completely ogival lines and new shapes for the clip. In 1949 a further variant of the Superstyl model was also introduced, with a metal cap. In the same year the company launched some other models: the Super Bayard as a new top model, the Capostyl with hooded nib. All of them were button filler.

In the early 50's the stylistic lines were uniformed and the various series took a similar form. All models moved to a fully streamlined shape losing the tapered conical ends. In this same period other models were launched as the Bayard 2000 and a new version of the Niveauclair, with this one other pump filler models were produced like the Excelsior 507, and also some accordion filler model (the Stylomine patent was expired) like the Fit.

During the '50s the company the company suffered a continuous decline in sales caused by the growing market share of the ballpoint pen. It sought the relaunch in in 1956 with the Souverain model, a streamlined hooded nib pen with accordion filler, produced also later with a metal cap as Souverain de Luxe. But at the time the writing instruments market was dominated by ballpoint pens; smaller models were introduced, such as the Dauphin, the Bayard 20, the Bayard 30 and the Karting, a cartridge filler pen, but the decline continued inexorably until the final closure November 5, 1973.[5]

Model list

The table below lists pages devoted to Bayard models, with a production start date and a discontinuation date; keep in mind, however, that in many cases these dates, particularly the discontinuation date, may simply be indicative.

 Production startedProduction ended
Superluxe19311940
Special 819321955
Bayard Luxe19321937
Special Luxe19371955
Niveauclair19381955
Le 4 de Bayard19381955
Superstyl19401955
Excelsior de Bayard19421948
Capostyl19491956
Super Bayard19491956
Bayard 200019521965
Souverain e Souverain de Luxe19561960
Produzione finale Bayard19581973

Chronology

Year Event
1903 Etienne Forbin become agent for some U.S. writing instruments manufacturers, is the origin of the company
1912 Etienne Forbin registers Bayard trademark
1922 the company Panici Freres & Co is founded, they will produce the Bayard pens
1927 the company introduces its first lever filler models
1929 the company introduces its first celluloid models
1929 the company introduces the Bayard 446
1930 the company introduces the Normal
1930 the company introduces the De Luxe
1931 the company introduces the Superluxe
1932 the company introduces the Bayard Luxe
1932 the company introduces the Special 8
1932 Panici Freres & Co is renamed Stylo Bayard and the trademark "Bayard" is engraved on clips
1933 the company introduces the Superluxe Grosse Containance
1935 the company introduces a decorated band on Superluxe model
1937 the company introduces the Special Luxe
1937 the company retires the Bayard Luxe
1938 the company introduces the Niveauclair with visible ink level
1938 the company introduces another band in the Special Luxe
1938 the company introduces the Le 4 de Bayard (upper limit from this advertisement)
1940 the company retires the Superluxe
1940 the company introduces the Superstyl
1942 the company introduces the Excelsior with changeable nib
1947 the company introduces a Le 4 de Bayard new version
1947 the company introduces a Special 8 new version
1947 the company introduces a Special Luxe new version
1948 the company retires the Excelsior
1949 the company introduces the Capostyl
1949 the company introduces the Super Bayard
1949 the company introduces the Superstyl in a new version
1949 the company introduces the Special 8 economic version
1956 the company introduces the Souverain
1958 the company introduces the accordion filler for the Souverain de Luxe
1973 the company ceases operations

External references

  • [1] Page of the brand owners, with many historical information.
  • [2] Brand page on a decommissioned website on French fountain pens.
  • [3] Brand page on a decommissioned website.
  • [4] Discussion on FPN with some historical notes and where various models are shown.

Notes

  1. ↑ the change can be seen from the difference between this advertisement of November 1931 compared to this one of October 1932.
  2. ↑ the date is reported in here but the oldest available advertisement showing these variations is this one of 1936.
  3. ↑ date is uncertain, this page reports 1939, but the name is citen in some December 1938 advertising, so we assume this year.
  4. ↑ the two trademarks and the new model appear in this price list of August 1939
  5. ↑ according to this page.
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