Differenze tra le versioni di "Osmia/en"

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[[Image:Logo-Osmia.svg|center|350px|Osmia Logo]]
 
[[Image:Logo-Osmia.svg|center|350px|Osmia Logo]]
  
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[[Osmia]] was founded in 1919, while the activities of [[Faber-Castell]] went back to the eighteenth century. The [[Osmia]] was born as fountain pen producer, while [[Faber-Castell]] is still known mainly for its work as a producer of pencils, carried out continuously from its origins. Since 1935 the [[Osmia]] essentially became a division of [[Faber-Castell]], although the company survived for a long time, until the 1951.  
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[[Osmia]] was founded in 1919 by Hermann Böhler and has been for long one of the leading German fountain pens manufacturers, and it was for a short period a [[Parker]] subsidiary for european production. Since 1935 the [[Osmia]] essentially became a division of [[Faber-Castell]], who started an acquisiton, completed in 1951.  
  
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[[Osmia]] had been one of the leading German fountain pens manufacturers, and because the prestige of the brand, due to the absolute quality of his pens, the name was maintained for a long time after the complete acquisition by [[Faber-Castell]]. It disappeared only in the early '60s, when the crisis derived from the success of the ballpoint pen pushed [[Faber-Castell]] to produce cheaper models. Fountain pen production ceased definitively in 1975 when [[Faber-Castell]], during a corporation restructuring, eliminated this area to focus on its other activities, restarting production recently, when the interest on fountain pens began to rise again.{{Infobox_Brand|Osmia}}
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But because the prestige of the brand, acquired by [[Osmia]] thanks to the absolute quality of his pens, the trademark was maintained for a long time after the complete acquisition by [[Faber-Castell]]. It disappeared only in the early '60s, when the crisis derived from the success of the ballpoint pen pushed [[Faber-Castell]] to produce cheaper models.{{BrandData|Founder=Hermann Böhler|Place=Dossenheim|Date=1919|Country=DE|Fullname=Böhler und Cie}}{{Infobox_Brand|Osmia}}
 
==History==
 
==History==
  
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[[Faber-Castell]] origins are traced back to 1761 when ''Kaspar Faber'' began a production of pencils in Stein, a village located close to Nuremberg. The activity was developed by his son ''Anton Wilhelm'', who created the ''A. W. Faber'' company, and then passed to his son. The real architects of the company success, however, was the grandson ''Lothar von Faber'', which took the direction of a declining company and with the invention of modern wooden pencil, remained unchanged to this day, built the success of the ''A. W. Faber'' brand.
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[[Osmia]] was founded in [[1919]] by ''Hermann Böhler'' under the name of ''Böhler und Cie'', in Dossenheim, near Heidelberg. Böhler, as many others of his colleagues who made a similar choice, left [[Kaweco]] to create a new company with his brother Georg, leveraging the expertise gained in this field inside [[Kaweco]], during the years in which that company acquired [[A. Morton & Co.]] to realize a production of gold nibs.  
  
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Alla metà del 1800 la [[Faber-Castell]] era già una grande azienda internazionale, diretta da ''Lothar von Faber'' con l'ausilio dei fratelli Eberhard e Johan Faber. Sia Eberhard che Johan crearono delle loro aziende, il primo a New York, dove era andato per dirigere la filiale americana della ditta, sempre per la produzione di matite, il secondo a Norimberga, dove nel 1878 fondò una sua società personale, che nel 1885 diventò una società in accomandita familiare, la ''Johan Faber A. G.''.  
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The initial [[Osmia]] production consisted primarily of mechanical pencils and hard rubber [[safety]] pens. The [[Osmia]] logo was a diamond placed inside a circle. The first version of the logo consisted in a convex Greek cross, but has been reported<ref>In a [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?s=c45f3e9adbdca24ea62226e4eabdbc10&showtopic=15065 FPN post] with an interview to Gregor Miltner, an [[Osmia]] from its birth, also become chairman in its later years.</ref> that given the similarity with its own logo [[Osmia]] was brought to court by [[Montblanc]], that required a very high compensation and the complete destruction of the entire production. That would have destroyed the company, but the case was resolved with an agreement and Böhler had to change the symbol transforming the cross in a diamond.  
  
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Con la sua azienda Johan iniziò anche una produzione di penne stilografiche intorno agli anni '20, si trattava principalmente di penne in ebanite con caricamento [[safety]] e a [[pulsante di fondo]], vennero prodotti anche alcuni modelli in metallo. Il marchio dell'azienda era costituito da due martelli incrociati e sul cappuccio dei modelli in ebanite era riportato il nome ''Johan Faber'', riportato pure sulla clip. Verso la fine degli anni '20 venne prodotta anche una serie con [[caricamento a stantuffo]] con forme arrotondate e fino a quattro verette sul cappuccio. 
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[[Image:Osmia-Instruction2.jpg|thumb|left| [[Osmia|Osmia Faber-Castell]] instruction sheet]]
  
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Il ramo principale dell'azienda restò in mano a ''Lothar Faber'' fino alla sua morte, in seguito gli subentrò la moglie e nel 1898 il conte ''Alexander zu Castell'', cha aveva sposato sua nipote. Questi ribattezzò la società con il nome con cui è tutt'ora nota, trasformandola nella ''A. W. Faber-Castell''. La produzione però restò concentrata sulle matite, e la prima penna, una [[safety]] in ebanite, viene fatta risalire al 1908. La penna recava la dicitura ''A. W. Faber-Castell'' e viste le similiarità tecniche del meccanismo di caricamento, è molto probabile che fosse stata prodotta dalla [[Kaweco]] su commissione.
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The company name, [[Osmia]], derived from a special metal alloy, called ''Osmiumalloy'' for which the Böhler brothers obtained the use thanks to a patent of the Heraeus company in Hanau,<ref>[http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?s=c45f3e9adbdca24ea62226e4eabdbc10&showtopic=20363 A FPN message] with more details about the topic of [[Osmia]] nibs.</ref> The ''Osmiumalloy'' was used widely for the tips of the [[Osmia]] nibs, and the alloy, though much more expensive, had a much higher quality respect to natural iridium then available in Germany (which contained many impurities that it favoured wear), and allowed the company to provide a lifetime warranty on their pens.
  
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Alla morte di ''Alexander Castell'' nel 1929 l'azienda divenne una società in accomandita familiare. Il figlio Roland realizzò fra il 1931 ed il 1932 la riunificazione fra la ''A. W. Faber-Castell'' e la ''Johan Faber A. G.'' dando vita alla [[Faber-Castell]] di oggi. Nel 1935 la [[Faber-Castell]] iniziò ad acquistare le azioni della ''Osmia A. G.'', all'epoca uno dei principali produttori tedeschi, assumendone il controllo per poter avere un forte punto di appoggio nell'industria della produzione di stilografiche.
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[[Osmia]] had a great initial success, becoming in a short time the second largest producer of pens in the country, so that a plant was specially created to produce pens. In the late '20s however sales had slowed and margins were weak, so the company went into financial troubles. In this period [[Parker]], who was trying to expand its business into Europe, began to take an interest in [[Osmia]] which was acquired (or with whom took an interest, sources are unclear) in [[1928]]. In this period the company produced the [[Duofold]] for the European market, characterized by the imprint ''"Parker - Osmia A. G. Heidelberg"''.
  
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La [[Osmia]] era stata fondata da Hermann Böhler nel 1919, con il nome di ''Böhler und Cie'', a Dossenheim, nei dintorni di Heidelberg. Böhler, come molti suoi altri colleghi che fecero una scelta simile, uscì dalla [[Kaweco]] per creare una azienda propria insieme al fratello Georg, sfruttando le competenze ottenute nella sua attività alla [[Kaweco]] negli anni in cui questa aveva acquisito la [[Morton]], per realizzare in proprio una produzione di pennini in oro.  
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During the same period the company continued to produce under the [[Osmia]] brand, with [[mottled]] hard rubber [[safety]] pens, [[lever filler]] pens and mechanical pencils, which retained the original logo on the cap. Around [[1930]], [[Parker]] withdrew because the [[Duofold]] sales did not have a great success because of a price too high for the German market, and a too rigid nib. The company went into liquidation and in 1932 the trademark and ownership structure was taken over by the ''"Osmia Füllhalter-Fabrik G. m. b. H."'',<ref>as can be seen in [[:File:1932-Papierhandler-Osmia-Liquidation.jpg|this news]].</ref>., again under the direction of the Böhler brothers. It was launched a new line, the [[Osmia Supra]], similar to the [[Duofold]], with an improved [[button filler]], and a brass enameled logo on top of the cap.  
  
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La produzione iniziale della [[Osmia]] era costituita principalmente da matite meccaniche e stilografiche in ebanite con caricamento [[safety]]. Il marchio della [[Osmia]] è costituito da un rombo collocato all'interno di un cerchio. E' stato riportato<ref>[http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?s=c45f3e9adbdca24ea62226e4eabdbc10&showtopic=15065 Un messaggio di FPN] con il riassunto di una intervista a Gregor Miltner, impiegato nell'azienda dalla nascita, ed anche presidente negli ultimi anni.</ref> che la prima versione del marchio era costituita da una croce greca convessa; data la somiglianza con il proprio marchio la [[Montblanc]] intentò causa richiedendo un risarcimento elevatissimo e la distruzione completa di tutta la produzione. La cosa avrebbe distrutto l'azienda, ma la causa si risolse con un accordo e Böhler dovette modificare il simbolo trasformando la croce in un rombo.  
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In [[1932]], facing financial difficulties for the return of investment to the [[Parker]], the nib factory was sold to [[Degussa]]. In [[1933]] the pen style was amended to follow the [[streamlined]] trend also used by [[Duofold]] of the same time. Were also launched other models: the [[Luxus]] line, a torpedo-shaped [[piston filler]], and the the [[Osmia Progress]], with a filling system similar to the [[Vacumatic]] one. Despite the financial troubles due to end of the cooperation with [[Parker]], [[Osmia]] got a good selling success.
  
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[[Image:Osmia-Instruction2.jpg|left|thumb|Foglietto di istruzioni di una [[Osmia]] [[Faber-Castell]] ]]
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Since [[1935]] the company was gradually acquired by [[Faber-Castell]], even if the final sale of all ownership was made only in [[1951]]. The fountain pens took the inscription ''A. W. Faber-Castell Dossenheim'' but nevertheless the continued to bear the [[Osmia]] brand and logo, which was well known and respected, until the '60s. In [[1938]] Hermann Böhler resigned from [[Osmia]] to found in Dossenheim another company with its name that produced pens and automatic pencils.
  
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Il nome dell'azienda, [[Osmia]], derivava dalla particolare lega metallica, denominata ''Osmiumalloy'' per la quale i fratelli Böhler avevano ottenuto l'uso di un brevetto dalla ditta ''Heraeus'' di Hanau,<ref>secondo quanto riportato in [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?s=c45f3e9adbdca24ea62226e4eabdbc10&showtopic=20363 questo messaggio] su FPN, dove si possono trovare maggiori dettagli riguardo l'argomento dei pennini [[Osmia]].</ref> che veniva usata al posto dell'iridio per le punte dei pennino. La lega, pur essendo molto più costosa, era di una qualità nettamente superiore all'iridio naturale allora disponibile in Germania (che conteneva parecchie impurità che ne favorivano l'usura), e consentì all'azienda di fornire una garanzia a vita sulle use penne.
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Most of the production of [[Faber-Castell]] fountain pens was however done with [[Osmia]] trademark. In [[1935]] were introduced several models with different filling systems. Using the [[piston filler]] were: the [[Osmia Supra Luxus|Supra Luxus]] in chiseled black celluloid, produced in the 42, 44 and 46 measures, the [[Osmia Supra|Supra]] in the black or blue or silver or gold colors, with a black cross-striped transparent section produced in the 72, 74, 76, and 78 measures, the [[Osmia Brilliant|Brilliant]] similar to the [[Osmia Supra|Supra]] but only in black celluloid and in 62, 64, 66 measures, and the [[Osmia Brilliant|Brilliant]], black, in 54, 55 and 56 measures.  
  
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La [[Osmia]] ebbe un grosso successo iniziale, diventando in breve il secondo produttore di penne del paese, tanto che venne creata appositamente una fabbrica di pennini. Verso la fine degli anni '20 però le vendite avevano subito un rallentamento, ed i margini erano scarsi, per cui l'azienda si ritrovò in difficoltà finanziarie. E' in questo periodo che la [[Parker]], che stava cercando di espandersi in Europa, iniziò ad interessarsi alla [[Osmia]] che acquisì (o con la quale assunse una compartecipazione, le fonti non sono chiare) nel 1928. In questo periodo l'azienda produsse le [[Duofold]] per il mercato europeo, riconoscibile per la dicitura ''Parker - Osmia A. G. Heidelberg''.
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[[File:Osmia-Supra-Progress-194-Posted.jpg|thumb|left|A black [[Supra Progress]] 194]]
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Using a membrane filling system were the [[Supra Progress]] in plain colors (black, green, red, gray, blue, silver and gold) and 192, 193, 194 and 196 measures, and the [[Osmia Progress]] in the 92, 93, 94 and 96 measures. Finally using the [[button filler]] the [[Osmia Brilliant]] produced in black, gold, red and green and 232, 126, 127 and 128 measures.
  
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Nello stesso periodo continuò la produzione a marchio [[Osmia]], con penne [[safety]] in ebanite rosso/nera, penne a levetta e matite meccaniche, per le quali restava anche il logo originale sul cappuccio. Intorno al 1930 la [[Parker]] si ritirò, dato che le vendite della [[Duofold]] non avevano avuto un grande successo a causa del prezzo troppo elevato per il mercato tedesco, e del pennino troppo rigido. L'attività proseguì (o venne ceduta) alla ''Osmia Gmbh'', di nuovo sotto la direzione dei fratelli Böhler. Venne lanciata una nuova linea, la [[Osmia Supra]], simile alle [[Duofold]], con un caricamento a [[pulsante di fondo]] perfezionato, ed il logo in ottone smaltato sulla cima del cappuccio.  
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In the late '30s, because of World War II, like all other German manufacturers the company suffered major difficulties, but despite the production was reduced for the call to arms of most of the employees, it remained active. After the war, not having the facilities suffered significant damage, production was resumed at full speed from [[1946]], proposing the same models of before, but with only with a [[piston filler]] and with the explicit endorsement (in addition to the [[Osmia]] brand and logo) of ''A. W. Faber-Castell''.
  
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Nel 1932, dovendo affrontare le difficoltà finanziarie per la restituzione degli investimenti alla [[Parker]] la fabbrica di pennini venne venduta alla [[Degussa]]. Nel 1933 venne modificata la forma delle penne per seguire lo stile ''[[streamlined]]'' assunto anche dalle [[Duofold]] di quell'epoca. Vennero lanciati anche altri modelli: la linea [[Luxus]], con forma a siluro e [[caricamento a stantuffo]], la [[Osmia Progress]], con un caricamento a membrana simile a quello della [[Vacumatic]]. Nonostante i guai finanziari dovuti alla fine della collaborazione con la [[Parker]] la [[Osmia]] ottenne comunque un buon successo.
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In the '50s [[Osmia]] introduced a series of new models like the [[Osmia Supra|Supra 880]], in three sizes (2, 3 and 4) in black, with a band on the cap and an ink level indicator, the [[Osmia Supra|Supra 666]] in four sizes (1, 2, 3 and 4), in black, gray and pearl and red and pearl colors, with rings ont the cap and gold and steel nibs, the [[Osmia 74D]] in black plastic, designed to make carbon copies, and the [[Osmia 52]] for the student market.
  
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Dal 1935 l'azienda venne progressivamente acquisita dalla [[Faber-Castell]], anche se la vendita definitiva di tutti gli assetti proprietari venne effettuata solo nel 1951. Le stilografiche assunsero l'iscrizione ''A. W. Faber-Castell Dossenheim'' ma continuarono comunque a portare il marchio [[Osmia]], che era ben conosciuto e stimato, fino agli anni '60. Nel 1938 Hermann Böhler si dimise dalla [[Osmia]] per fondare a Dossenheim [[Böhler|un'altra società intitolata a suo nome]] che produceva stilografiche e matite automatiche.  
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Starting from [[1955]] were introduced two more streamlined models: the most prestigious, which were intended to compete with the [[Montblanc]] [[Montblanc 14x|146]] and [[Montblanc 14x|149]], were  [[Osmia 44x|446]] and [[Osmia 44x|448]], with three ring and the logo engraved on the cap, bicolored gold nib and a straight clip. To these followed the mid-range models [[Osmia 88x|882]], [[Osmia 88x|883]] and [[Osmia 88x|884]], in black or green stripes, a band on the cap and a beak clip.  
  
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Nonostante l'acquisizione della [[Osmia]] la [[Faber-Castell]] produsse direttamente anche qualche modello, nel 1936 produsse un modello con il suo stesso nome inciso su tutte le parti della penna, disponibile in quattro colori; la penna era dotata di [[caricamento a stantuffo]] e di finiture (clip e veretta) in oro 14k e portava il logo dell'azienda, una bilancia che rappresentava l'integrità sul piano commerciale.  
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In the early '60s the [[Osmia]] trademark was no longer used;  a number of hooded nib plastic models were introduced, they were thinner than previous one and marked ''A. W. Faber-Castell'',  with a transparent section for ink level view. The luxury line was called [[Faber-Castell 66|66]], with body in black, red, blue or green plastic, rolled gold cap and gold nib, the mid range models were called [[Faber-Castell Progress]] and produced in three versions: the 77S in plastic with a steel nib, the 55S with silver cap, plastic body and steel nib, the 55G with gold nib. It was also produced a student model called 54VT, because the ''Vest Tank'', with a secondary reservoir usable through a valve.  
  
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[[Image:1937-07-FaberCastell-n36.jpg|thumb|Pubblicità di una [[Faber-Castell]] ]]
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In the late '60s, as for most of the other fountain pens producers, having also completely erased a prestigious brand that enjoyed a wide popularity, sales had an irreversible decline, holding only partially for the students pens. In [[1975]], during a corporation restructuration, [[Faber-Castell]] completely eliminated the entire field of fountain pens production, resuming today, with the return of interest for this popular writing tool.
  
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La gran parte della produzione delle stilografiche commercializzate dalla [[Faber-Castell]] avvenne però a marchio [[Osmia]]: nel 1935 vennero introdotti vari modelli con diversi sistemi di caricamento. Con [[caricamento a stantuffo]] vennero prodotte la [[Supra|Supra Luxus]] in celluloide nera cesellata e nelle misure 42, 44 e 46, la [[Supra]] nei colori nero o blu o argento o oro, con una sezione trasparente a strisce incrociate nere e nelle misure 72, 74, 76, 78a, la [[Osmia Brilliant|Osmia]] simile alla [[Supra]] ma soltanto nera e nelle misure 62, 64, 66 e la [[Osmia Brilliant]], nera, nelle misure 54, 55, 56.  
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In the early '60s [[Faber-Castell]] ceased to use  the Osmia trademark, starting to a production of cheap models for the scholastic market marked only by its brand name, with a drastic reduction in sales, accentuated even more by having removed from the market a prestigious brand.  
  
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Con caricamento a membrana vennero realizzate la [[Supra Progress]] con colori a tinta unita (nero, verde, rosso, grigio, blu, argento e oro) e nelle misure 192, 193, 194, 196, e la [[Progress]] nelle misure 92, 93, 94, 96. Infine con caricamento a [[pulsante di fondo]] venne prodotta la [[Brilliant]] nei coloro nero, oro, rosso e verde e nelle misure 232, 126, 127 e 128.
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{{BrandChrono|Osmia}}
  
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Alla fine degli anni '30, a causa della seconda guerra mondiale, l'azienda subì, come tutti gli altri produttori tedeschi, notevoli difficoltà, ma nonostante la produzione venisse ridotta per la chiamata alle armi della gran parte degli impiegati, essa restò attiva, e non avendo gli impianti subito danni significativi, la produzione fu ripresa a pieno ritmo a partire dal 1946, riproponendo gli stessi modelli dell'anteguerra, ma con il solo [[caricamento a stantuffo]] e con l'esplicita dicitura (oltre al marchio ed al logo [[Osmia]]) di ''A. W. Faber-Castell''.
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== External references==
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* [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?s=c45f3e9adbdca24ea62226e4eabdbc10&showtopic=14741]  A FPN article
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Dal 1949 la [[Faber-Castell]] iniziò anche la produzione di penne a sfera, e nel 1950 introdusse direttamente anche un suo modello a forma di siluro, denominato [[Gentleman]], nei colori nero o grigio perla e argento. La penna aveva caratteristiche rivoluzionare, una clip a forma di farfalla ed un particolare [[caricamento a stantuffo]] che conteneva parte del meccanismo nella manopola stessa, consentendo una maggiore dimensione del serbatoio, ma soprattutto era realizzata con un corpo trasparente coperto da un cilindro di plastica opaca sul quale erano praticate una serie regolare di incisioni che svolgevano allo stesso tempo il ruolo di facilitare l'impugnatura della penna e di consentire la visualizzazione del livello di inchiostro.  
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* [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php/topic/288564-osmia-882-supra-question/] An interesting discussion with some historical information
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==Notes==
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Negli anni '50 la [[Osmia]] introdusse una serie di nuovi modelli, come la [[Supra 880]], in tre misure (2, 3 e 4) di colore nero con vera sul cappuccio e indicatore del livello di inchiostro, la [[Supra 666]] in quattro misure (1, 2, 3 e 4), di colori nero, grigio perla e rosso perla, con vere sul cappuccio e pennini in oro e acciaio, la [[Osmia 744]] in plastica nera intagliata, progettata per eseguire copie carbone e la [[Osmia 52]], per il mercato studentesco.
 
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A partire dal 1955 vennero introdotti due modelli più affusolati, i più prestigiosi, che miravano a competere con le [[Montblanc]] [[Montblanc 14x|146]] e [[Montblanc 14x|149]], erano il [[Osmia 446 e 448|446]] ed il [[Osmia 446 e 448|448]], con tre vere ed il marchio inciso sul cappuccio, pennino oro bicolore e fermaglio diritto. A queste seguivano i modelli di fascia media [[Osmia 88x|882]], [[Osmia 88x|883]] e [[Osmia 88x|884]], in colore nero o verde rigato, una vera larga sul cappuccio e clip a becco.
 
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All'inizio degli anni '60 il marchio [[Osmia]] non venne più utilizzato e vennero introdotti una serie di modelli a pennino coperto marchiati direttamente ''A. W. Faber-Castell'', dotati di sezione trasparente per la visualizzazione del livello di inchiostro, più sottili rispetto alle versioni precedenti e realizzati in plastica a stampo. La linea di lusso venne denominata [[Faber-Castell 66|66]], aveva il corpo in plastica nera, rossa, blu o verde, il cappuccio laminato ed il pennino in oro; i modelli di fascia media vennero chiamati [[Faber-Castell Progress]] e prodotti in tre versioni, la 77S in plastica con pennino in acciaio, la 55S con cappuccio in argento e corpo in plastica e pennino in acciao, e la 55G con pennino in oro. Venne prodotta anche una versione per studenti denominata 54VT (da ''Vest Tank'') un serbatoio di riserva usabile tramite una valvola.
 
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Alla fine degli anni '60, come avveniva per la gran parte di tutti gli altri produttori di penne stilografiche, avendo per di più completamente cancellato un marchio prestigioso che godeva di una vasta popolarità, le vendite declinarono in maniera irreversibile, reggendo solo parzialmente per le penne destinate agli studenti. Nel 1975, nel corso di una ristrutturazione aziendale, la [[Faber-Castell]] eliminò completamente l'intero settore di produzione delle stilografiche, salvo riprendere la produzione ai nostri giorni, con il ritorno in voga di questo strumento di scrittura.
 
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{{CronoMarche}}
 
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|-
 
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| 1761 || Nascita della [[Faber-Castell]]
 
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| 1878 || Nascita della ''Johan Faber A. G.''
 
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| 1898 || ''Alexander Castell'' trasforma la ''A. W. Faber'' nella ''A. W. [[Faber-Castell]]''
 
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| 1919 || Nascita della [[Osmia]] come ''Böhler und Cie''
 
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| 1928 || La [[Parker]] acquisisce la [[Osmia]] per la produzione in Europa
 
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| 1930 || La [[Parker]] rivende la [[Osmia]] che diventa la ''Osmia Gmbh''.
 
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| 1931/32 || Riunificate la ''A. W. Faber-Castell'' e la ''Johan Faber A. G.''
 
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| 1935 || La [[Faber-Castell]] acquisisce la [[Osmia]]
 
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| 1935 || La [[Osmia]] introduce i modelli [[Supra|Supra Luxus]], [[Supra]], [[Osmia Brilliant|Osmia]], [[Osmia Brilliant]] [[caricamento a stantuffo|a stantuffo]]
 
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| 1935 || La [[Osmia]] introduce i modelli [[Supra Progress]] e [[Progress]] a membrana e [[Brilliant]] a [[pulsante di fondo]]
 
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| 1950 || La [[Faber-Castell]] introduce il modello [[Gentleman]]
 
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| 1951 || La [[Faber-Castell]] incorpora ufficialmente la [[Osmia]]
 
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| 1975 || La [[Faber-Castell]] cessa la produzione di stilografiche
 
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{{LegendaModelli}}
 
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| [[Supra]] || 1935 ||
 
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==Note==
 
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
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==Riferimenti esterni==
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{{CategorizeBrand|Germania}}
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* [http://www.faber-castell.de/docs/index.asp?id=17143&domid=1010&sp=E&addlastid=&m1=10329&m2=17138&m3=17143] La storia della [[Faber-Castell]], dal sito ufficiale
 
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* [http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?s=c45f3e9adbdca24ea62226e4eabdbc10&showtopic=14741] Un articolo di FPN sulla storia del fiduciario europeo di [[Parker]] nelle relazioni con [[Osmia]]
 

Versione attuale delle 15:58, 16 set 2021

Osmia Logo

Osmia was founded in 1919 by Hermann Böhler and has been for long one of the leading German fountain pens manufacturers, and it was for a short period a Parker subsidiary for european production. Since 1935 the Osmia essentially became a division of Faber-Castell, who started an acquisiton, completed in 1951.

But because the prestige of the brand, acquired by Osmia thanks to the absolute quality of his pens, the trademark was maintained for a long time after the complete acquisition by Faber-Castell. It disappeared only in the early '60s, when the crisis derived from the success of the ballpoint pen pushed Faber-Castell to produce cheaper models.

Osmia
Brand pages
Brand advertising
Brand photos
Instructions sheet
Other documents
Patents

History

Osmia was founded in 1919 by Hermann Böhler under the name of Böhler und Cie, in Dossenheim, near Heidelberg. Böhler, as many others of his colleagues who made a similar choice, left Kaweco to create a new company with his brother Georg, leveraging the expertise gained in this field inside Kaweco, during the years in which that company acquired A. Morton & Co. to realize a production of gold nibs.

The initial Osmia production consisted primarily of mechanical pencils and hard rubber safety pens. The Osmia logo was a diamond placed inside a circle. The first version of the logo consisted in a convex Greek cross, but has been reported[1] that given the similarity with its own logo Osmia was brought to court by Montblanc, that required a very high compensation and the complete destruction of the entire production. That would have destroyed the company, but the case was resolved with an agreement and Böhler had to change the symbol transforming the cross in a diamond.

Osmia Faber-Castell instruction sheet

The company name, Osmia, derived from a special metal alloy, called Osmiumalloy for which the Böhler brothers obtained the use thanks to a patent of the Heraeus company in Hanau,[2] The Osmiumalloy was used widely for the tips of the Osmia nibs, and the alloy, though much more expensive, had a much higher quality respect to natural iridium then available in Germany (which contained many impurities that it favoured wear), and allowed the company to provide a lifetime warranty on their pens.

Osmia had a great initial success, becoming in a short time the second largest producer of pens in the country, so that a plant was specially created to produce pens. In the late '20s however sales had slowed and margins were weak, so the company went into financial troubles. In this period Parker, who was trying to expand its business into Europe, began to take an interest in Osmia which was acquired (or with whom took an interest, sources are unclear) in 1928. In this period the company produced the Duofold for the European market, characterized by the imprint "Parker - Osmia A. G. Heidelberg".

During the same period the company continued to produce under the Osmia brand, with mottled hard rubber safety pens, lever filler pens and mechanical pencils, which retained the original logo on the cap. Around 1930, Parker withdrew because the Duofold sales did not have a great success because of a price too high for the German market, and a too rigid nib. The company went into liquidation and in 1932 the trademark and ownership structure was taken over by the "Osmia Füllhalter-Fabrik G. m. b. H.",[3]., again under the direction of the Böhler brothers. It was launched a new line, the Osmia Supra, similar to the Duofold, with an improved button filler, and a brass enameled logo on top of the cap.

In 1932, facing financial difficulties for the return of investment to the Parker, the nib factory was sold to Degussa. In 1933 the pen style was amended to follow the streamlined trend also used by Duofold of the same time. Were also launched other models: the Luxus line, a torpedo-shaped piston filler, and the the Osmia Progress, with a filling system similar to the Vacumatic one. Despite the financial troubles due to end of the cooperation with Parker, Osmia got a good selling success.

Since 1935 the company was gradually acquired by Faber-Castell, even if the final sale of all ownership was made only in 1951. The fountain pens took the inscription A. W. Faber-Castell Dossenheim but nevertheless the continued to bear the Osmia brand and logo, which was well known and respected, until the '60s. In 1938 Hermann Böhler resigned from Osmia to found in Dossenheim another company with its name that produced pens and automatic pencils.

Most of the production of Faber-Castell fountain pens was however done with Osmia trademark. In 1935 were introduced several models with different filling systems. Using the piston filler were: the Supra Luxus in chiseled black celluloid, produced in the 42, 44 and 46 measures, the Supra in the black or blue or silver or gold colors, with a black cross-striped transparent section produced in the 72, 74, 76, and 78 measures, the Brilliant similar to the Supra but only in black celluloid and in 62, 64, 66 measures, and the Brilliant, black, in 54, 55 and 56 measures.

A black Supra Progress 194

Using a membrane filling system were the Supra Progress in plain colors (black, green, red, gray, blue, silver and gold) and 192, 193, 194 and 196 measures, and the Osmia Progress in the 92, 93, 94 and 96 measures. Finally using the button filler the Osmia Brilliant produced in black, gold, red and green and 232, 126, 127 and 128 measures.

In the late '30s, because of World War II, like all other German manufacturers the company suffered major difficulties, but despite the production was reduced for the call to arms of most of the employees, it remained active. After the war, not having the facilities suffered significant damage, production was resumed at full speed from 1946, proposing the same models of before, but with only with a piston filler and with the explicit endorsement (in addition to the Osmia brand and logo) of A. W. Faber-Castell.

In the '50s Osmia introduced a series of new models like the Supra 880, in three sizes (2, 3 and 4) in black, with a band on the cap and an ink level indicator, the Supra 666 in four sizes (1, 2, 3 and 4), in black, gray and pearl and red and pearl colors, with rings ont the cap and gold and steel nibs, the Osmia 74D in black plastic, designed to make carbon copies, and the Osmia 52 for the student market.

Starting from 1955 were introduced two more streamlined models: the most prestigious, which were intended to compete with the Montblanc 146 and 149, were 446 and 448, with three ring and the logo engraved on the cap, bicolored gold nib and a straight clip. To these followed the mid-range models 882, 883 and 884, in black or green stripes, a band on the cap and a beak clip.

In the early '60s the Osmia trademark was no longer used; a number of hooded nib plastic models were introduced, they were thinner than previous one and marked A. W. Faber-Castell, with a transparent section for ink level view. The luxury line was called 66, with body in black, red, blue or green plastic, rolled gold cap and gold nib, the mid range models were called Faber-Castell Progress and produced in three versions: the 77S in plastic with a steel nib, the 55S with silver cap, plastic body and steel nib, the 55G with gold nib. It was also produced a student model called 54VT, because the Vest Tank, with a secondary reservoir usable through a valve.

In the late '60s, as for most of the other fountain pens producers, having also completely erased a prestigious brand that enjoyed a wide popularity, sales had an irreversible decline, holding only partially for the students pens. In 1975, during a corporation restructuration, Faber-Castell completely eliminated the entire field of fountain pens production, resuming today, with the return of interest for this popular writing tool.

In the early '60s Faber-Castell ceased to use the Osmia trademark, starting to a production of cheap models for the scholastic market marked only by its brand name, with a drastic reduction in sales, accentuated even more by having removed from the market a prestigious brand.

Chronology

Year Event
1919 the company is founded by Hermann Böhler in Dossenheim as Böhler und Cie
1928 Parker acquire Osmia for the european production
1930 Parker retires from Osmia and the Osmia GmbH is founded
1932 Degussa acquire the Osmia nib production unit
1935 the company introduces the Progress
1935 the company introduces the Osmia Supra
1935 the company introduces the Supra Progress
1935 the company introduces the Brilliant
1935 the company introduces the Osmia Supra Luxus
1935 the company introduces the Osmia Brilliant
1935 Faber-Castellbegins Osmia acquisition
1938 Hermann Böhler leaves Osmia to found Böhler
1946 the company restarts production
1951 Faber-Castell complete Osmia acquisition

External references

  • [1] A FPN article
  • [2] An interesting discussion with some historical information

Notes

  1. ↑ In a FPN post with an interview to Gregor Miltner, an Osmia from its birth, also become chairman in its later years.
  2. ↑ A FPN message with more details about the topic of Osmia nibs.
  3. ↑ as can be seen in this news.
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