Modifiche

Below are the main loading systems used by the various manufacturers throughout the long history of the fountain pen from its origins to the present day. Many of these systems were born as an attempt to circumvent the original patent of [[Sheaffer]], or to find alternatives that could distinguish the pens that used them compared to the competitors.  

Below are the main loading systems used by the various manufacturers throughout the long history of the fountain pen from its origins to the present day. Many of these systems were born as an attempt to circumvent the original patent of [[Sheaffer]], or to find alternatives that could distinguish the pens that used them compared to the competitors.  

Il principio di questi sistemi di caricamento resta sempre quello della compressione, e successiva espansione per risucchiare l'inchiostro dalla bottiglia, di un serbatoio in gomma; valgono pertanto le considerazioni generali su vantaggi e svantaggi fatte nel paragrafo precedente. La sostanziale differenza è nel meccanismo con cui si effettua la compressione, comunque anche in questo caso si fa in genere ricorso ad una ''[[pressure bar]]'' rigida, premuta dal meccanismo della leva, per distribuire uniformemente la pressione sul sacchetto.

The principle of these loading systems always remains that of compression, and subsequent expansion to suck the ink from the bottle, of a rubber sac; therefore, the general considerations on advantages and disadvantages made in the previous paragraph apply. The substantial difference is in the mechanism with which the compression is carried out, however also in this case it is generally made use of a rigid ''[[pressure bar]]'', pressed by the mechanism of the lever, to distribute uniformly the pressure on the sac.

=== ''[[lever filler]]'' ===

=== ''[[lever filler]]'' ===