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[[File:1921-12-Waterman-5x-EtAl.jpg|thumb|upright|A ''Jules Fagard'' advertisement]]

[[File:1921-12-Waterman-5x-EtAl.jpg|thumb|upright|A ''Jules Fagard'' advertisement]]

The ''JiF'' (more precisely the ''"Jif - Société Anonyme"'') was founded by Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1926]]<ref>the date is listed on the [https://www.waterman.com/en/content/9-the-heritage page] on the history of the current [[Waterman]] site, and in the ''Archives commerciales de la France'' the company is reported as having been founded on December 13, 1926.</ref> and is often referred to as a semi-independent subsidiary of [[Waterman]] in France, but Fagard's relationship with [[Waterman]], of which he was a representative, is earlier and dates back to [[1915]] (the year we will consider as the beginning of the activities), when he, on January 7, founded ''"Fagard et Leuba"'' at 22 rue Saint Augustin in Paris, a representative of [[Waterman]] and of ''“Walker & C.”'' (a London firm that manufactured flip books). <ref>the historical references in this article are taken from the [https://forum.fountainpen.it/viewtopic.php?t=33876 monograph] on the brand made by {{Author|Esme}}, posted on the forum and available for download there, at the first of the external references.</ref>  

The ''JiF'' (more precisely the ''"Jif - Société Anonyme"'') was founded by Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1926]]<ref>the date is listed on the [https://www.waterman.com/en/content/9-the-heritage page] on the history of the current [[Waterman]] site, and in the ''Archives commerciales de la France'' the company is reported as having been founded on December 13, 1926.</ref> and is often referred to as a semi-independent subsidiary of [[Waterman]] in France, but Fagard's relationship with [[Waterman]], of which he was a representative, is earlier and dates back to [[1915]] (the year we will consider as the beginning of the activities), when he, on January 7, founded ''"Fagard et Leuba"'' at 22 rue Saint Augustin in Paris, a representative of [[Waterman]] and of ''“Walker & C.”'' (a London firm that manufactured flip books). <ref>the historical references in this article are taken from the [https://forum.fountainpen.it/viewtopic.php?t=33876 monograph]] on the brand made by {{Author|Esme}}, posted on the forum and available for download there, at the first of the external references.</ref>

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From years [[1916]] to [[1919]] the ''“Fagard et Leuba”'' continued to appear in various advertisements (and at events and fairs) as a representative/wholesaler of [[Waterman]]. During [[1920]] and for most of [[1921]] in [[Waterman]]'s advertisements, however, all reference to a representative disappears, reappearing only at the end of [[1921]], with only ''Jules Fagard'' listed as the representative, not only for France and colonies but also for Belgium and Switzerland. Also in [[1921]] appears the [[Rymex]] trademark for mechanical pencils of which ''Jules Fagard'' turns out to be the manufacturer, and along with the trademark also appears the company logo with the monogram “JF” shown in the advertisement on the side.

From years [[1916]] to [[1919]] the ''“Fagard et Leuba”'' continued to appear in various advertisements (and at events and fairs) as a representative/wholesaler of [[Waterman]]. During [[1920]] and for most of [[1921]] in [[Waterman]]'s advertisements, however, all reference to a representative disappears, reappearing only at the end of [[1921]], with only ''Jules Fagard'' listed as the representative, not only for France and colonies but also for Belgium and Switzerland. Also in [[1921]] appears the [[Rymex]] trademark for mechanical pencils of which ''Jules Fagard'' turns out to be the manufacturer, and along with the trademark also appears the company logo with the monogram “JF” shown in the advertisement on the side.