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<noinclude>{{ReferBox|Sistemi di caricamento}}</noinclude>Il ''caricamento a pompetta'' o ''bulb filler'' è probabilmente il capostipite dei sistemi di tutti i sistemi caricamento basati sulla presenza di uno sfiatatoio. Le sue origini sono incerte, uno dei brevetti più vecchi ({{Cite patent|US|802668}} del 1905) era assegnato alla [[Aikin Lambert]], ma ne esiste uno ancora precedente ({{Cite patent|US|723726}} del 1903 che non pare essere stato utilizzato). Ma al di la dei precursori uno dei primi modelli ad essere stato prodotto massicciamente ed immesso sul mercato è senz'altro quello della [[Postal]] del 1925, anche se la versione più sofisticata resta probabilmente quella della [[Stylomine 303]]. In seguito lo stesso sistema è stato anche adottato dalla [[Eversharp]] per il modello [[Bantam]] e per la versione da stenografe-centraliniste dalla [[Doric]], e dalla [[Pelikan]] per la [[Rappen]].
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<noinclude>{{ReferBox|Filling systems}}</noinclude>The ''bulb filler'' is probably the progenitor of all filling systems based on the presence of a breather tubes. Its origins are uncertain, one of the oldest patents ({{Cite patent|US|802668}} of 1905) was granted to the [[Aikin Lambert]], but there is an earlier one ({{Cite patent|US|723726}} of 1903) that does not seem to have been used. But beyond the precursors one of the first models to have been massively produced and marketed is certainly the one of the [[Postal]] of 1925, although the most sophisticated version probably remains that of the [[Stylomine 303]]. Later the same system was also adopted by [[Eversharp]] for the [[Bantam]] model and for the stenographer-centralist version by [[Doric]], and by [[Pelikan]] for the [[Rappen]].
  
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Il sistema prevede l'uso diretto del corpo della penna come serbatoio, consentendo anche, quando questo viene realizzato in materiale trasparente, la visualizzazione del livello d'inchiostro. Il caricamento viene effettuato tramite la pressione su una pompetta di gomma, analoga a quella di un contagocce, inserita direttamente sul fondo del corpo della penna, ed a cui si accede svitando il fondello della stessa. Data la necessità di avere una pompetta di dimensioni sufficienti, questo in genere comporta su questo tipo di penne un fondello molto più lungo rispetto a quello usato su altri caricamenti, come quello a [[pulsante di fondo]] o a [[caricamento a stantuffo|stantuffo]].
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The system involves the direct use of the pen barrel as a reservoir, also allowing, when this was made of transparent material, the visualization of the ink level. Filling is carried out by pressing a rubber pump, similar to that of a dropper, inserted directly on the bottom of the body of the pen, and which can be accessed by unscrewing the bottom of the pen. Given the need to have a pump of sufficient size, this generally involves on this type of pen a much longer blind cap than that used on other filling sistems, such as the [[button filler]] or the [[piston filler]].
  
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Il principio di caricamento deriva da quello del contagocce, si immerge la punta della penna nell'inchiostro e si preme la pompetta, la relativa espansione causa una depressione che fa affluire l'inchiostro dentro il corpo della penna. L'innovazione creata da questo sistema di caricamento è costituita proprio dalla presenza dello sfiatatoio collegato al gruppo pennino e direttamente connesso con un condotto al foro di ventilazione del pennino.  
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The filling principle derives from the dropper principle, the pen tip is immersed in the ink and the pump is pressed, its expansion causes a depression that causes the ink to flow into the body of the pen. The innovation created by this filling system consists of the presence of the breather tube connected to the nib unit and directly connected to a duct in the ventilation hole of the nib.  
  
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Questo fa sì che si possa ripetere la pressione sulla pompetta più volte, per effettuare diverse azioni di caricamento e riempire progressivamente la penna. In assenza dello sfiatatoio infatti, con la compressione della pompetta si farebbe fuoriuscire l'inchiostro presente nel corpo non essendovi sfogo per l'aria contenuta nello stesso, ottenendo così una capacità molto limitata; lo sfiatatoio fornisce invece una via d'uscita all'aria presente nel serbatoio che viene compressa dalla pompetta, ed una via di ingresso per l'inchiostro che viene risucchiato dalla depressione. Si può così ripetere la compressione della pompetta e continuare a caricare inchiostro fintanto che quest'ultimo non supera il livello dello sfiatatoio, riempiendo totalmente la penna.<noinclude>
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This allows you to repeat the pressure on the pump several times, to perform different filling actions and progressively fill the pen. In the absence of the breather tube in fact, with the compression of the pump, the ink present in the barrel would escape, since there is no vent for the air contained in the same, thus obtaining a very limited capacity; the breather tube instead provides a way out to the air present in the tank that is compressed by the pump, and a way in for the ink that is sucked in by the depression. In this way it is possible to repeat the compression of the pump and continue to load ink until the latter does not exceed the level of the breather tube, completely filling the pen.<noinclude>
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==Brevetti correlati==
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==Related Patents==
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{{CategorizeArticle|Tecnica|Vocabolario|Sistemi di caricamento|Glossary|Technology|Filling systems}}
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Versione attuale delle 23:18, 4 set 2019

Filling systems

The bulb filler is probably the progenitor of all filling systems based on the presence of a breather tubes. Its origins are uncertain, one of the oldest patents (nº US-802668 of 1905) was granted to the Aikin Lambert, but there is an earlier one (nº US-723726 of 1903) that does not seem to have been used. But beyond the precursors one of the first models to have been massively produced and marketed is certainly the one of the Postal of 1925, although the most sophisticated version probably remains that of the Stylomine 303. Later the same system was also adopted by Eversharp for the Bantam model and for the stenographer-centralist version by Doric, and by Pelikan for the Rappen.

The system involves the direct use of the pen barrel as a reservoir, also allowing, when this was made of transparent material, the visualization of the ink level. Filling is carried out by pressing a rubber pump, similar to that of a dropper, inserted directly on the bottom of the body of the pen, and which can be accessed by unscrewing the bottom of the pen. Given the need to have a pump of sufficient size, this generally involves on this type of pen a much longer blind cap than that used on other filling sistems, such as the button filler or the piston filler.

The filling principle derives from the dropper principle, the pen tip is immersed in the ink and the pump is pressed, its expansion causes a depression that causes the ink to flow into the body of the pen. The innovation created by this filling system consists of the presence of the breather tube connected to the nib unit and directly connected to a duct in the ventilation hole of the nib.

This allows you to repeat the pressure on the pump several times, to perform different filling actions and progressively fill the pen. In the absence of the breather tube in fact, with the compression of the pump, the ink present in the barrel would escape, since there is no vent for the air contained in the same, thus obtaining a very limited capacity; the breather tube instead provides a way out to the air present in the tank that is compressed by the pump, and a way in for the ink that is sucked in by the depression. In this way it is possible to repeat the compression of the pump and continue to load ink until the latter does not exceed the level of the breather tube, completely filling the pen.

Related Patents

  • Patent n° GB-190213133, of 1903-01-15, requested on 1902-06-10, of George William Perks, Frederik Charles Thacker, Unbranded. Improvements in Fountain or Reservoir Pens.
  • Patent n° US-723726, of 1903-03-24, requested on 1902-12-06, of George W. Perks, Frederick C. Thacker, Unbranded. Fountain-pen.
  • Patent n° US-1037660, of 1912-09-03, requested on 1912-01-10, of Felix Riesenberg, Unbranded. Fountain-pen.
  • Patent n° GB-191218716, of 1912-09-03, requested on 1912-09-12, of Felix Riesenberg, Unbranded. Improvements in and relating to Fountain Pens.
  • Patent n° DE-264883, of 1913-09-29, requested on 1912-08-20, of Felix Riesemberg, Unbranded. Füllfederhalter mit am oberen Ende des Halterschafts angeordnetem Gummibal.
  • Patent n° FR-712327, of 1931-09-30, requested on 1930-06-12, of Yves Zuber, Stylomine. Nouveaux porte-plumes à réservoir.
  • Patent n° GB-374274, of 1932-06-09, requested on 1930-06-12, of Yves Zuber, Stylomine. Improvements in or relating to reservoir pens.
  • Patent n° FR-737930, of 1932-12-19, requested on 1931-09-24, of Yves Zuber, Stylomine. Perfectionnement aux porte-plumes réservoir.
  • Patent n° FR-750689, of 1933-08-16, requested on 1932-05-11, of Yves Zuber, Stylomine. Porte-plume à réservoir à «plume-pointe», pouvant être à débit d'encre régularisé, permettant les très grandes contenances.
  • Patent n° US-2593082, of 1952-04-15, requested on 1947-04-15, of Fred D. Woods, Autopoint. Fountain pen.
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