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The ''JiF'' (more precisely the ''"Jif - Société Anonyme"'') was founded by Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1926]]<ref>the date is listed on the [https://www.waterman.com/en/content/9-the-heritage page] on the history of the current [[Waterman]] site.</ref> and is often referred to as a semi-independent subsidiary of [[Waterman]] in France, but Fagard's relationship with [[Waterman]], of which he was a representative, can be dated to at least [[1921]], as evidenced by [[:File:1921-12-Waterman-5x-EtAl.jpg|this advertisement]]. In fa, at least from what emerges from the advertisements published on ''L'Illustration'', it seems that it was an independent company, able to carry out its own production at least as far as mechanical pencils are concerned, which, even when combined with pens [[Waterman]], were explicitly called with the name ''Jif''.  

The ''JiF'' (more precisely the ''"Jif - Société Anonyme"'') was founded by Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1926]]<ref>the date is listed on the [https://www.waterman.com/en/content/9-the-heritage page] on the history of the current [[Waterman]] site.</ref> and is often referred to as a semi-independent subsidiary of [[Waterman]] in France, but Fagard's relationship with [[Waterman]], of which he was a representative, can be dated to at least [[1921]], as evidenced by [[:File:1921-12-Waterman-5x-EtAl.jpg|this advertisement]]. In fa, at least from what emerges from the advertisements published on ''L'Illustration'', it seems that it was an independent company, able to carry out its own production at least as far as mechanical pencils are concerned, which, even when combined with pens [[Waterman]], were explicitly called with the name ''Jif''.  

Con la morte di Jules Isidore Fagard nel [[1932]] la direzione dell'azienda è passata nelle mani di sua moglie, nominata sempre come "madame Jules Fagard", ma che in realtà si chiamava Alice e la diita divenne la ''"A. J. Fagard & Cie"'', come anche segnato nei punzoni in oro "AJF". Il marchio commerciale è rimasto ''"JiF"''. Nel [[1964]] la direzione passò all figlia Elsa Le Foyer, e la ditta divenne per un breve periodo la ''"Le Foyer & Cie - Jif Waterman"''. Dal [[1969]] l'azienda, che era in difficoltà, venne diretta da Francine Gomez (nipote del fondatore), che nel [[1971]] acquisì da [[Bic]] il marchio [[Waterman]] che ne risollevò le sorti rivendendola alla Gilette nel [[1986]].

With the death of Jules Isidore Fagard in [[1932]] the management of the company passed into the hands of his wife, always named as ''madame Jules Fagard'', but who was actually called Alice and the company became the ''"A. J. Fagard & Cie,"' as also marked in the gold "AJF" punches. The trademark remained ''"JiF"''. In [[1964]] the management passed to daughter Elsa Le Foyer, and the firm briefly became ''"Le Foyer & Cie - Jif Waterman"''. From [[1969]] the company, which was in trouble, was run by Francine Gomez (granddaughter of the founder), who in [[1971]] acquired from [[Bic]] the [[Waterman]] brand, which revived its fortunes. The company was sold to Gilette in [[1986]].

In [[1937]]<ref>the date is uncertain, David Nishimura in [https://www.vintagepens.com/Waterman_glass_cartridge_pens.shtml this article] indicates [[1936]] whitout citing sources, while the earliest known advertisements are from [[1937]], and in particular in [[:File:1937-12-Waterman-InkVue.jpg|this one]] appears among the novelties a cartridge filled [[Waterman 32]] that is not shown in any of the various advertisements found in the "L'Illustration" magazine in the preceding months.</ref> the company put on the market, on behalf of [[Waterman]] a variant of the [[Waterman 32]] with cartridge filling, beginning a technological development that would lead several years later to the creation of the [[Waterman CF]].

In [[1937]]<ref>the date is uncertain, David Nishimura in [https://www.vintagepens.com/Waterman_glass_cartridge_pens.shtml this article] indicates [[1936]] whitout citing sources, while the earliest known advertisements are from [[1937]], and in particular in [[:File:1937-12-Waterman-InkVue.jpg|this one]] appears among the novelties a cartridge filled [[Waterman 32]] that is not shown in any of the various advertisements found in the "L'Illustration" magazine in the preceding months.</ref> the company put on the market, on behalf of [[Waterman]] a variant of the [[Waterman 32]] with cartridge filling, beginning a technological development that would lead several years later to the creation of the [[Waterman CF]].